Metalation of unsaturated polymers by using activated organolithium compounds and the formation of graft copolymers. II

Halasa, Adel F.; Mitchell, G. B.; Stayer, M.; Tate, D. P.; Oberster, A. E.; Koch, R.

doi:10.1002/pol.1976.170140220

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In these reports, the authors have used polar modifiers such as ethers, glymes, tetrahydrofurfuryl compounds, and N ‐ N ‐ N ′‐ N ′‐tetramethylethylenediamine 2, 7–11. These polar modifiers usually randomize the styrene but also increase the vinyl structure units in the 1,3‐butadiene position resulting in high T g of SSBR copolymers and a high degree of branching via chain metallation 12–15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of random or tapered solution styrene–butadiene copolymers in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a polar modifier

Halasa

Jasiunas

Hsu

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Random or tapered solution styrene-butadiene copolymer (SSBR) is very difficult to prepare in an isothermal batch process without the use of polar modifiers because of the diverse reactivity ratios of the styrene and the butadiene in hydrocarbon solvents. In the presence of polar modifiers, the random SSBR can be synthesized by anionic living polymerization with the variety of microstructures, which results in the change of glass transition temperature (T g ). This article will discuss the use of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a polar modifier in isothermal batch process that controls the microstructure of the SSBR resulting in a random as well as tapered SSBR with low T g (À67 C to À80 C). The T g of SSBR was controlled by the styrene content rather than the microstructure of polybutadiene. Physical properties of SSBR compounding were discussed for tire tread applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of random or tapered solution styrene–butadiene copolymers in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a polar modifier

Halasa

Jasiunas

Hsu

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The preparation of random solution SBR is well known in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However the, high vinyl high styrene SBR's are difficult to make due to the fact that most polar modifiers appear to be limited in randomizing all the charged styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High vinyl high styrene solution SBR

Halasa

Prentis

Hsu

et al. 2005

Polymer

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“…The BIMS elastomers, fully saturated, and having predominantly polyisobutylene structure along with its high-molecular weight provide good physical strength, excellent resistance to gas and moisture permeability, good vibrational damping, and excellent resistance to heat and atmospheric aging. Because the chemical modification of synthetic elastomers is a useful method for altering and optimizing the physical and mechanical properties of rubber, [12][13][14][15] this work presents an ionic modification of BIMS via nucleophilic substitution of benzylic bromine by 1-methylimidazole through a facile synthetic route. Hence, BIMS falls under special purpose elastomer category and is trademarked as ''Exxpro Elastomers,'' which is available as Exxpro 3035, Exxpro 3433, and Exxpro 3745.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An imidazolium‐functionalized isobutylene polymer having improved mechanical and barrier properties: Synthesis and characterization

Talukdar

Bhowmick

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (BIMS) is of great use to industries because of its extremely good permeability properties. However, it lacks strength and adhesion necessary to make it amenable to various processing techniques. To overcome the limitations of BIMS, ionic modification via nucleophilic substitution of bromine by 1-methylimidazole through a facile synthetic route is presented. The modified ionic product was characterized by various techniques such as solubility, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The FTIR spectrum of the obtained samples showed a distinct peak around 1261 cm À1 corresponding to CAN stretching vibration and reduction in peak intensity around 695 cm À1 corresponding to CABr stretching vibration. NMR also clearly showed the occurrence of a singlet peak corresponding to the methyl protons of imidazole in the region of 4.1 ppm and a shift in the methylene protons adjacent to the benzene ring confirming the substitution of bromine atom by imidazole ring. The reaction at reflux temperature of 130 C for 48 h yielded the highest level (3.1 wt %, 1.18 mol %) of modification while optimizing the reaction parameters. The modified ionic polymers displayed greater thermal stability, greater flexibility, improved tensile strength, and higher barrier properties compared to the unmodified BIMS. A 1.8-fold increase of elongation at break was achieved with 1.18 mol % (3.1 wt %) of modification. The modified polymers also showed remarkable drop in oxygen transmission rate values from 10 À16 to 10 À18 m 3 m/m 2 /s/Pa, which further highlights their improved properties.

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Metalation of unsaturated polymers by using activated organolithium compounds and the formation of graft copolymers. II

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis of random or tapered solution styrene–butadiene copolymers in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a polar modifier

Synthesis of random or tapered solution styrene–butadiene copolymers in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as a polar modifier

High vinyl high styrene solution SBR

An imidazolium‐functionalized isobutylene polymer having improved mechanical and barrier properties: Synthesis and characterization

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