Metal stresses modify soluble proteomes and toxin profiles in two Mediterranean strains of the distributed dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum

Jean, Natacha; Perié, Luce; Dumont, Estelle; Bertheau, Lucie; Caruana, Amandine; Amzil, Zouher; Laabir, Mohamed; Masseret, Estelle

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151680

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The higher variability of quantities and ratio of analogues is also perfectly in agreement with previous studies showing that environmental factors (e.g. biotic, abiotic, nutrients, physiological state) can modulate the toxin level [89][90][91][92][93][94].…”

Section: Mendelian Inheritance Of the Ability To Produce Toxinssupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

et al. 2022

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Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are responsible for harmful algal blooms and produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Their very large and complex genomes make it challenging to identify the genes responsible for toxin synthesis. A family-based genomic association study was developed to determine the inheritance of toxin production in Alexandrium minutum and identify genomic regions linked to this production. We show that the ability to produce toxins is inheritable in a Mendelian way, while the heritability of the toxin profile is more complex. We developed the first dinoflagellate genetic linkage map. Using this map, several major results were obtained: 1. A genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins was identified. 2. This region does not contain any polymorphic sxt genes, known to be involved in toxin production in cyanobacteria. 3. The sxt genes, known to be present in a single cluster in cyanobacteria, are scattered on different linkage groups in A. minutum. 4. The expression of two sxt genes not assigned to any linkage group, sxtI and sxtG, may be regulated by the genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins. Our results provide new insights into the organization of toxicity-related genes in A. minutum, suggesting a dissociated genetic mechanism for the production of the different analogues and the ability to produce toxins. However, most of the newly identified genes remain unannotated. This study therefore proposes new candidate genes to be further explored to understand how dinoflagellates synthesize their toxins.

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Section: Mendelian Inheritance Of the Ability To Produce Toxinssupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

et al. 2022

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“…Trace metals, such as selenium, nickel, copper (Cu), cobalt, molybdenum, iron (Fe), manganese, and zinc, are required for algal growth, and they may modulate STXs produc-tion in toxic Alexandrium [78]. Among those, Fe is the most critical element in dinoflagellate metabolism, including chlorophyll production, electron transport, photosynthesis, and N assimilation [79][80][81].…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Cu induced toxin production via modulating the growth rate and photosynthetic activity concentration dependently in dinoflagellate A. minutum [82]. In addition, metals alter soluble proteomes and toxin profiles in Alexandrium pacificum by inhibiting the photosynthetic proteins [78]. Under metal as well as heavy metal stress circumstances, metals modified the STXs profile and soluble proteomes in A. pacificum, and such adaptive proteomic responses are related to the development of metal-contaminated ecosystems [78].…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, metals alter soluble proteomes and toxin profiles in Alexandrium pacificum by inhibiting the photosynthetic proteins [78]. Under metal as well as heavy metal stress circumstances, metals modified the STXs profile and soluble proteomes in A. pacificum, and such adaptive proteomic responses are related to the development of metal-contaminated ecosystems [78]. However, further studies are required to establish whether trace metals trigger STXs production in toxic Alexandrium via modulating the growth.…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Factors Modulate Saxitoxins (STXs) Production in Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium: An Updated Review of STXs and Synthesis Gene Aspects

Bui,

Pradhan,

Kim

et al. 2024

Toxins

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The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium is known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) and produces saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives (STXs) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. Cell growth and cellular metabolism are affected by environmental conditions, including nutrients, temperature, light, and the salinity of aquatic systems. Abiotic factors not only engage in photosynthesis, but also modulate the production of toxic secondary metabolites, such as STXs, in dinoflagellates. STXs production is influenced by a variety of abiotic factors; however, the relationship between the regulation of these abiotic variables and STXs accumulation seems not to be consistent, and sometimes it is controversial. Few studies have suggested that abiotic factors may influence toxicity and STXs-biosynthesis gene (sxt) regulation in toxic Alexandrium, particularly in A. catenella, A. minutum, and A. pacificum. Hence, in this review, we focused on STXs production in toxic Alexandrium with respect to the major abiotic factors, such as temperature, salinity, nutrients, and light intensity. This review informs future research on more sxt genes involved in STXs production in relation to the abiotic factors in toxic dinoflagellates.

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Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Nowicka

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

119

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Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.

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Metal stresses modify soluble proteomes and toxin profiles in two Mediterranean strains of the distributed dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum

Environmental Factors Modulate Saxitoxins (STXs) Production in Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium: An Updated Review of STXs and Synthesis Gene Aspects

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

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