Metal Salts of 3,3′‐Diamino‐4,4′‐dinitramino‐5,5′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole in Pyrotechnic Compositions

Abstract

The synthesis of alkali and alkaline earth salts of 3,3Ј-diamino-4,4Ј-dinitramino-5,5Ј-bi-1,2,4-triazole (H 2 ANAT) is reported. The fast and convenient three steps reaction toward the target compounds does not require any organic solvents. In addition to an intensive characterization of all synthesized metal salts, the focus was on * Prof. Dr. T. M. Klapötke

Access to Green Pyrotechnic Compositions via Constructing Coordination Polymers: A New Approach to the Application of 3,4-Dinitropyrazole

“…More importantly, many studies on strontium and barium salts as coloring agents were widely carried out on pyrotechnics. − However, most of the nitrogen-rich compounds reported as pyrotechnics have the limitations of complicated and lengthy synthetic routes with a low yield (path II in Scheme ). − 3,4-Dinitropyrazole (DNP), a compound that involves a simple synthesis with easily available raw materials, has received greater attention in energetic materials. − What we all know is that DNP has been investigated as a potential component of melt-cast explosive due to its excellent melting point (85–86 °C), high density (1.81 g cm –3 ), satisfactory decomposition temperature (210 °C), and superior detonation velocity (8240 m s –1 ) compared with those of TNT. − The mixture of DNP and a small amount of ammonium perchlorate was also applied in aluminum-free propellant compositions . The synthesis, crystal structures, and investigation of several metal-free 3,4-dinitropyrazolate salts with good thermal stability and insensitive character have already been reported. − …”

Multidimensional Energetic Coordination Polymers as Flame Colorants: Intriguing Architecture and Excellent Performance

“…As new energetic materials, ECPs have a wide range of advantages: (1) ECPs can keep the energy (such as combustion performance) of their organic framework components unchanged; (2) it can also form a multidimensional frame structure, thereby increasing its security; and (3) the skeletons that make up ECPs are different from metals and have different uses, such as primers, explosives, etc. , ECPs usually possess numerous one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) polymeric structures with wonderful energetic properties . So far, their structures and properties are mainly different from those of various metal ions and organic ligands with different skeletons. , The metal ions in ECP are generally transition metal ions, alkali metal ions, and alkaline earth metal ions. − Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions have considerable coordination ability and are usually more environmentally friendly and more economical than transition metals. − When the metals composing ECPs are alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, these metals with a flame effect can produce beautiful and diverse colors during the combustion process of ECPs. Therefore, such ECPs have a wide range of applications in pyrotechnics. , …”

Top Development of Green-Light Pyrotechnics: Hypergolic Cu(II)-Based Coordination Polymers

“…Energetic coordination polymers (ECPs) composed of organic ligands and metals can be used as new materials for pyrotechnics because they can combine oxidants or fuels with metals at the molecular level, thereby replacing some of the additional oxidants or flammables, which need to be added. The unique idea of applying ECPs to pyrotechnics was taken to the extreme by Klapötke, such as Li 2 ANAT, BaBTO, SrANAT·6H 2 O . Despite this, there are still shortcomings, such as (1) the addition of oxidants or combustibles is still required so that the contribution of ECPs is weakened greatly; (2) the ligands for preparing ECPs are nitro-rich compounds, which greatly increases the difficulty of synthesis and the cost of preparing pyrotechnics; and (3) the colors of pyrotechnics are single, and they are mostly concentrated in red [Li­(I)-ECPs, Sr­(II)-ECPs], and green [Ba­(II)-ECPs]. , …”