Metal pollution in Al-Khobar seawater, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Alharbi, Talal; Alfaifi, Hussain J.; El‐Sorogy, Abdelbaset S.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.011

Cited by 50 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The new findings from the present study are compared with the reported trace metal concentrations (average values) that have been previously discussed in other research studies ( Table 3 ). Copper’s average concentration in the study area (167.4 μg g −1 ) is lower than the numbers recorded in the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia [ 51 ]. However, it is higher than all other values reported from the Red Sea coast [ 52 ], the Gulf of Aqaba [ 53 ], the Safaga and El-Quah locations [ 23 ], and the background continental crust [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Eco-Physiological Responses of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. to Trace Metals Pollution via Intensifying Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Contents

et al. 2023

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Mangrove is one of the most precious ecosystems with the greatest losses due to climate change, human activities, and pollution. The objective of this study is to assess the accumulation and distribution of some trace metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediments and Avicennia marina roots and leaves and to discuss the antioxidant potential of A. marina under metallic pollution stress. Sediments, leaf, and root samples of A. marina were collected from five sites along the Red Sea Coast of Egypt. Several ecological pollution indices, including the geo accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and translocation factor (TF), were used to assess the pollution load. Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn average concentrations in sediments were 167.4, 0.75, 110.65, 39.79, and 220 μg g−1, respectively, and the average values of these metals in A. marina roots were 44.9, 0.5, 87.96, 39.02, and 54.68 μg g−1, respectively, while in leaves their concentration were 50.46, 0.5572, 88.24, 40.08, and 56.08 μg g−1, respectively. The values of the Igeo, CF, and PLI index indicated that location 1 and 5 are moderate-to-heavily contaminated sites. On the other hand, leaves and roots of A. marina grown in polluted locations 1 and 5 showed high accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), low chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents concomitant with a decrease in total soluble sugars. High total antioxidant capacity was associated with a significant increase in activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Polyphenol oxidase, Polyphenol peroxidase, and Ascorbic acid oxidase), accumulation of secondary metabolites (total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins), and proline and carotenoids content increase. Overall, the present study suggests that the mangrove habitat of the Egyptian Red Sea coast is under the stress of anthropogenic activities, which necessitates a conservation plan to avoid further contamination and protect the unique biota of this distinctive habitat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Eco-Physiological Responses of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. to Trace Metals Pollution via Intensifying Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Contents

et al. 2023

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“…Pb levels were the highest in the viscera of the Summer flounder fish species from Dammam compared to all other species, followed by the eggs of crab, Summer Flounder, and cuttlefish, as seen in figure (4). A significant difference existed in the Zn levels in all the studied marine species and tissues in the Jubail area compared to the same species and tissues in Dammam and Qatif, except in eggs of crustaceans and cuttlefish and the muscles of the crustaceans as seen in table (5). It was the highest in the muscles of Gilt-head bream > Shrimps > marbled spinefoot caught from the Jubail coasts, as seen in figure (5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, and Copper Concentrations in Different Arabian Gulf Fish Species

Issa,

Elkokaney,

Khedr

et al. 2023

Egyptian Society of Clinical Toxicology Journal

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Background: While fish is well-known for its nutritional importance due to the omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and high-quality proteins, it might pose dangers such as heavy metals that may present a serious threat to fish consumption. Numerous heavy metals are believed to contribute to various physiological abnormalities, including renal failure, and when consumed above legal limits, they may cause morbidities or mortality. Increased concentrations of metals in aquatic species result from atmospheric pollution and industrial effluents continuously draining into nearby water bodies. When metals surpass their allowed limits, a severe health risk might ensue. Aim of the Work: The assessment of four metals' profiles, namely; Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn), in some selected commonly consumed fish species caught from Qatif, Dammam, and Jubail in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: Several marine fish species from the Arabian Gulf area were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Quantitative evaluation of Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn) was done to estimate the potential toxicity of four metals to humans via consumption of fish caught from the three largest zones of the Saudi Arabian Eastern Province (Qatif, Dammam, and Jubail). Results: The investigated fish tissues in Dammam, Qatif, and Jubail had Cu levels between (1.13-2.38), (1.01-2.12), and (1.17-2.97) simultaneously. Pb ranged from 0.03-0.87, 0.01-0.19, and 0.01-0.30 for the same locations and marine species. Zn and Cd were (0.05-0.85) and (0.01-0.18) in Dammam, (0.03-0.92), (0.02-0.24) in Qatif, and (0.06-0.99), (0.01-0.67) in Jubail. Jubail recorded significantly higher metal concentrations than the other two regions. There was a statistically significant difference between the Cd concentrations in marine species and tissues in Jubail and those in Dammam and Qaif for the same species and tissues. The highest recorded levels of Cd were found in the eggs of mullet > shrimp > summer flounder > cuttlefish in the Jubail region. Conclusions: The current findings imply the necessity for toxicological evaluations of human populations in the Jubail region who consume substantial quantities of fish for indicators of heavy metal toxicity. It is recommended that more research be conducted on the hazardous effects of metal contamination through fish consumption in various Eastern Province regions. Establishing relevant pollution criteria requires realistically evaluating trace metals as environmental toxicants.

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“…An important input source of Al comes from the sediments of coastal areas, as observed in areas adjacent to Karan and Jana Is. (Al-Jubail area, Al sediment mean = 1887.07 µg g −1 ; range = 555–3602 µg g −1 (El-Sorogy et al, 2018 )) or on the coast of Al-Khobar located in the south of the Saudi coast in the Gulf (Al mean = 2041 µg g −1 ; range = 688–3224 µg g −1 ; Alharbi et al, 2017 )) suggesting that the levels we found in our study may be due to bioaccumulation phenomena or accidental ingestion of contaminated material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace element levels in the muscles of three tern species (Aves: Laridae) from the western Arabian Gulf: environmental assessment and implications for conservation

Yacoubi,

Savoca,

El Zrelli

et al. 2024

Environ Monit Assess

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In the Arabian Gulf (called also Persian Gulf; hereafter 'the Gulf'), Jana and Karan Islands are recognized as one of the most Important Bird Areas in the region. Many migratory breeding seabirds, like the Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii, White-cheeked Tern Sterna repressa and Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus, depend on these islands during the breeding season. However, these aquatic wildlife species are suffering from intensified urban and industrial coastal development and various contamination events including wars and related oil spills. In this study, we used these three piscivorous top predator birds to analyse the levels of 19 trace elements (TEs; i.e. Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) in 15 muscular tissue samples from Jana and Karan Islands. PERMANOVA analysis showed no difference in contamination profile between sites nor between species probably due to their spatial and ecological proximity and therefore similar levels of exposure to TEs. Comparing these levels with existing literature, our results showed no particular concern for all elements, except for Al (maximum values recorded = 116.5 µg g−1 d.w.) and, in two samples, Ba (33.67 µg g−1 d.w.) and Pb (5.6 µg g−1 d.w.). The results can be considered as an initial step for supplementary evaluations with a larger number of samples and specified time intervals for the collection of specimens. This study provided baseline information on the pollution status of these two ecologically important sites which require a continuous biomonitoring programme.

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Metal pollution in Al-Khobar seawater, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Eco-Physiological Responses of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. to Trace Metals Pollution via Intensifying Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Contents

Eco-Physiological Responses of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. to Trace Metals Pollution via Intensifying Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Contents

Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, and Copper Concentrations in Different Arabian Gulf Fish Species

Trace element levels in the muscles of three tern species (Aves: Laridae) from the western Arabian Gulf: environmental assessment and implications for conservation

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