Metal Oxides as Catalysts/Supports in Solvent‐Free Organic Reactions

Tiwari, Manishkumar S.; Kumaran, Saravana; Manyar, Haresh

doi:10.1002/9783527831463.ch4

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Inorganic fillers in membranes reduce the undesirable substrate oxygen crossover, and the cost of these materials is lower than Nafion. Incorporation of nano forms of Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 4 , SiO 2 , MnO 2 , GO and TiO 2 to membranes improves the structural and chemical properties, [122] enhancing the transfer rate of protons and prevents O 2 leakage to the anode chamber. Carbon-composites, hydrogels, polyester, biopolymers like nucleic acid, polysaccharides and proteins have profuse functional groups, display good electrical and ionic conductivity, processability and stability, conferring advantages similar to non-biopolymer-based CM.…”

Section: Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Sustainable Composite Materials used as Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells

James,

Velayudhaperumal Chellam

2023

The Chemical Record

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MFC can have dual functions; they can generate electricity from industrial and domestic effluents while purifying wastewater. Most MFC designs comprise a membrane which physically separates the cathode and anode compartments while keeping them electrically connected, playing a significant role in its efficiency. Popular commercial membranes such as Nafion, Hyflon and Zifron have excellent ionic conductivity, but have several drawbacks, mainly their prohibitive cost and non‐biodegradability, preventing the large‐scale application of MFC. Fabrication of composite materials that can function better at a much lower cost while also being environment‐friendly has been the endeavor of few researchers over the past years. The current review aims to apprise readers of the latest trends of the past decade in fabricating composite membranes (CM) for MFC. For emphasis on environmental‐friendly CM, the review begins with biopolymers, moving on to the carbon‐polymer, polymer‐polymer, and metal‐polymer CM. Lastly, critical analysis towards technology‐oriented propositions and realistic future directives in terms of strengths, weakness, opportunities, challenges (SWOC analysis) of the application of CM in MFC have been discussed for their possible large‐scale use. The focus of this review is the development of hybrid materials as membranes for fuel cells, while underscoring the need for environment‐friendly composites and processes.

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Section: Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%