Metal oxide nanoparticles in electrochemical sensing and biosensing: a review

Abstract

This review (with (318) refs) describes progress made in the design and synthesis of morphologically different metal oxide nanoparticles made from iron, manganese, titanium, copper, zinc, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, silver, and vanadium. It also covers respective composites and their function and application in the field of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensing of chemical and biochemical species. The proper incorporation of chemical functionalities into these nanomaterials warrants effective detection of target molecules including DNA hybridization and sensing of DNA or the formation of antigen/antibody complexes. Significant data are summarized in tables. The review concludes with a discussion or current challenge and future perspectives. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Nanomaterials for molecular signal amplification in electrochemical nucleic acid biosensing: recent advances and future prospects for point-of-care diagnostics

“…The limits of detection and sample matrices are also indicated. We now discuss the application of noble metals, 123 metal oxides, 124 quantum dots, 125 2D nanomaterials, and MOFs 126 for electrochemical signal amplification.…”

“…131 However, metal oxide nanoparticles are often synthesized using solvothermal methods at elevated temperatures, and thus difficult to biofunctionalize. 124 Quantum dots. Based on the success of metal chalcogenide quantum dots, such as ZnS, CdS, PbS, as fluorescent labels for biosensing, they have also been examined as labels for electrochemical detection.…”

Copper and copper nanoparticles toxicity and their impact on basic functions in the body

“…The signifi cance of copper can be also manifested on the fact that an archeological period Copper Age (also known as Chalcolithic respective Eneolithic from the Greek respective Latin terms for copper) is named after it. In the current time, emerging technologies and pharmacological preparations with copper nanoparticles became applicable (1)(2)(3)(4). The global use of copper makes it an easily available metal, which can simply infl uence environment and health in every population.…”

Preparation of lysozyme-imprinted nanoparticles on polydopamine-modified titanium dioxide using ionic liquid as a stabilizer

“…Recently, due to the appealing characteristics of molecular imprinting, TiO 2 -based MIPs have attracted increasing attention for its high selectivity and efficient separation potential. [27][28][29] In recent, surface molecular imprinting based on nanoparticles has been thought as an effective method to overcome the protein imprinting difficulty in bulk approach, such as large mass transfer resistance and incomplete template removal. Compared to bulk MIPs, surface MIPs based on nanoparticles have extremely higher surface-to-volume ratio due to the small size, the increased surface area helps to provide more recognition sites and enough space for template diffusion.…”