Metal Oxide-Based Compounds as Flame Retardants for Polyurethanes

Palve, Anil M.; Vani, Omkar V.; Gupta, Ram K.

doi:10.1021/bk-2021-1400.ch008

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similarly, as the loading of Mg‐Co oxide increased, both LOI and UL94 results showed improvement. Both metal oxides effectively acted as flame retardants by releasing water vapor when exposed to heat, diluting flammable gases, reducing surrounding temperatures, and inhibiting the combustion process by restricting oxygen access to the fuel 40,41 . Among these two metal oxides Zn‐Mg‐ oxides are shown to be best at 10% loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both metal oxides effectively acted as flame retardants by releasing water vapor when exposed to heat, diluting flammable gases, reducing surrounding temperatures, and inhibiting the combustion process by restricting oxygen access to the fuel. 40,41 Among these two metal oxides Zn-Mg-oxides are shown to be best at 10% loading. as a barrier, preventing oxygen and heat from reaching the underlying polymer, thus slowing down the combustion process.…”

Section: Loi and Ul94 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing of layered double hydroxide, metal oxides, and borate‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes composites

Desai,

Kamble,

Ozarkar

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are widely used in automotive, medical, and marine applications due to their excellent properties such as high tensile strength, flexibility, and durability. However, the presence of isocyanate groups in TPUs increases their flammability and produces toxic gases during combustion, limiting their application. Here, the study aims to modify TPUs to improve their flame‐retardant behavior. Various fillers such as metal oxides, Layer double hydroxides (LDH), and borates were synthesized and added into the TPU matrix by using extrusion and compression molding. At a 10% loading of Zinc‐Magnesium oxides, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 25% was achieved, along with no dripping and complete burning cessation within 20 s. Magnesium aluminium LDH exhibited maximum flame retardancy at a 5% loading, with an LOI of 25%, burning cessation within 23 s without dripping, and a V1 rating. Overall, this research aims to develop TPU composites with improved fire safety properties by incorporating various additives. The synthesized additives showed potential for enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and flame‐retardant properties of TPU.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Loi and Ul94 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing of layered double hydroxide, metal oxides, and borate‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes composites

Desai,

Kamble,

Ozarkar

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…37 Meanwhile, the residual content of coke was also increased. In addition to the signicant ame-retarding properties of metal hydroxides, metal oxides 38,39 also offer outstanding performance. 40 They are oen used as co-effectors, 41,42 with literature reporting special effects of transition metal oxides such as copper oxide, 43,44 nickel oxide 45 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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Recent Advancements in Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams: A Review

Yadav

Souza

Dawsey

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In modern society, the multifarious polymeric material polyurethane (PU) is used in household appliances and commercial sectors. Statistics shows the usage of PU as rigid and flexible foams is the highest among different PU-based materials. Industrially viable synthesis, tailor-made porosity and pore morphology, robustness to micro-organisms, weathering, hydrolytic degradation, and resistance to a wide range of chemicals are the excellent attributes of PU foams. Despite achieving significant attention in academia and industries, the prominent tendency to fire-catching or flammability and rapid-fire spread on ignition are the serious concerns of PU foams at their end-use. The figures on home fire accidents and associated fire injuries, loss of civilians, and properties primarily due to fire-catching of furniture are highly devastating. Therefore, a large volume of efforts has been dedicated to decorating flame retardancy in PU foams using a wide range of flame retardants (FRs) (in-situ or post-synthesis). Hence, the focus of this review is to summarize various FRs for rigid and flexible PU foams. The mechanism of flame retardancy, advantages and limitations of various FRs, and the past decade’s advancements achieved concerning the flame retardancy of PU foams have been explored.

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Metal Oxide-Based Compounds as Flame Retardants for Polyurethanes

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Designing of layered double hydroxide, metal oxides, and borate‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes composites

Designing of layered double hydroxide, metal oxides, and borate‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes composites

Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review

Recent Advancements in Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams: A Review

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