Metal–organic frameworks in fuel cell technologies

Nanostructured nonprecious metal catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

“…The excellent combination of Zn-MOF and ionic liquids resulted in the selective reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 (FE > 80%) with a current density of more than 3 mA cm −2 at an overpotential of 0.25 V. The integration of MOFbased catalysts and ionic liquids provides an alternative system for improving CO 2 reduction efficiency. Although most of MOFs and COFs possess limit chemical stability, this can be improved by many different approaches, such as utilization of high-valence metal ions or nitrogen-donor ligands with the formation of strong metal-nitrogen bonds, or introduction of porous polymer networks comprising stable covalent C C, C H and C N bonds [160,161] .…”

Facile synthesis of MOFs with uncoordinated carboxyl groups for selective CO2 capture via postsynthetic covalent modification

“…1 In the last two decades, a particularly large number of MOFs have been successfully synthesized, [2][3][4][5][6][7] and the versatile characteristics of their chemical moieties have endowed MOFs with many special properties relevant to fuel cell, 8 catalysis 9 and biomedical applications. 10 Because of their ultrahigh porosity and the possibility of functionality, they play an important role in gas adsorption and separation.…”

Cobalt and Iron Complexes with N-heterocyclic Ligands as Pyrolysis Precursors for Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

“…The presence of the metal would facilitate the incorporation of N-atoms during the pyrolysis in the proper conformation [28]. Some authors synthetized metal-free catalysts employing metal complexes or, more recently, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), followed by acid leaching, but traces of metal may be still present in the final product [29][30][31]. Moreover, in many cases, the acid treatment performed after the pyrolysis to remove unwanted or unreactant metallic particles, produces a reduction of the ORR activity.…”