Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photo/Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal clusters/ions and organic ligands, are ideal materials for photo/electrocatalysis, mainly due to the advantages of large surface areas, high porosity, and easily tunable optical and electronic structures. Herein, the recent and important advances on MOF‐based photo/electrocatalysts including pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives are summarized. The novel strategies to improve the photo/electrocatalytic performances are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future development of MOFs for photo/electrocatalysis are discussed ad outlined.

Design and In Situ Growth of Cu2O‐Blended Heterojunction Directed by Energy‐Band Engineering: Toward High Photoelectrochemical Performance

“…In a neutral solution, the reaction consists of two steps. [37] First, a photogenerated electron reacts with a water molecule adsorbed on the surface of a photo catalyst via the Volmer pathway to form an adsorbed H * : H 2 O + e -→ H * + OH -. Second, an H * further reacts with another H 2 O molecule to generate an H 2 molecule through the Heyrovsky pathway: H * + H 2 O + e -→ H 2 + OHor two H * react directly to produce an H 2 molecule through the Tafel pathway: 2H * → H 2 .…”

Sulfur‐Doped Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework for Improved Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Porous organic frameworks including metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have shown considerable potential for catalysis, gas separation and sensing, by virtue of their powerful pore chemistry and tunable active sites [10–23] . Besides, hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as a class of newly emerging materials, are constructed by supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and gain increased attention in various fields [24–28] .…”

“…Porous organic frameworks including metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have shown considerable potential for catalysis, gas separation and sensing, by virtue of their powerful pore chemistry and tunable active sites. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Besides, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as a class of newly emerging materials, are constructed by supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and gain increased attention in various fields. [24][25][26][27][28] However, to our knowledge, there have been few researches on using HOFs as OER electrocatalyst, mostly restricted by their lack of enough active sites.…”

Efficient Metal‐free ZIF‐8 Derived B, N‐codoped Carbon Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Reduction

“…[9] Compared to other precursors, MOFs have proven a promising class of template or self-sacrificed precursors to prepare various carbon materials owing to their intrinsic advantages such as ultrahigh surface area, tunable structure/composition, and uniform porous structure. [14][15][16] Amongst various MOFs, ZIF-8 (ZIF = zeolitic imidazolate framework), constructed by Zn 2 + and 2methylimidazolate (2-mIM), is the most prominent one thanks to easy preparation, high N content of 2-mIM, low evaporation point of Zn (b.p. 907°C) as well as readily modification.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, there is only one example derived from a Zn (II)‐based MOF (MOF=metal organic framework) built by mixed ligand of tetrakis(1‐imidazolyl)borate and 1,4‐benzenebicarboxlic acid [9] . Compared to other precursors, MOFs have proven a promising class of template or self‐sacrificed precursors to prepare various carbon materials owing to their intrinsic advantages such as ultrahigh surface area, tunable structure/composition, and uniform porous structure [14–16] . Amongst various MOFs, ZIF‐8 (ZIF=zeolitic imidazolate framework), constructed by Zn 2+ and 2‐methylimidazolate (2‐mIM), is the most prominent one thanks to easy preparation, high N content of 2‐mIM, low evaporation point of Zn (b.p.…”