Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials as Electrocatalysts and Photocatalysts for CO₂ Reduction: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

Abstract

Excessive CO emission due to a large amount of fossil fuel utilization has become a widespread concern, which causes both environmental and energy problems. To solve these issues, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of CO to produce value-added chemicals have gained immense attention. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derived materials with high specific surface areas, controllable pore structures, and tunable chemical properties exhibit promising performance among the reported catalytic materials for CO conversion. This review describes the recent advances on the rational design and synthesis of MOF-based electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for CO reduction. The importance of the catalytic processes is highlighted, followed by systematic understanding of MOF-based catalysts for CO reduction through electrochemical and photochemical approaches. Special emphasis of this review is to introduce basic catalyst design strategies and synthesis methods as well as their resulting electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. One of the major goals is to elucidate the structures and properties that link to their catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability towards to CO reduction. We also outline the challenges in this research area and propose the potential strategies for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance catalysts.

Chemical engineering role in the use of renewable energy and alternative carbon sources in chemical production

“…The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 is perhaps the reaction, in the area of electrocatalysis, must intensively studied recently. A large variety of materials has been investigated, from single-atom catalysts [89], to colloidal nanocrystals [90], metal-organic framework (MOF) materials [91,92], doped carbon materials [93], gold nanoparticles [94] and manganese-based molecular catalysts [95], just to cite some recent examples of less-conventional type of electrocatalysts.…”

Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide: The role of metal centers

“…Furthermore, their physical and chemical properties can be regulated by tuning the composition, metal node and organic ligand at the molecular level. These advantages make them attractive porous materials for application in gas capture and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, sensing and drug delivery [60][61][62][63][64][65] . Especially, MOF-based materials have attracted growing interests in the field of energy conversion and storage including photo-and electrocatalytic water splitting, and CO 2 reduction [36,38,59,[66][67][68][69][70] .…”

“…In this review, we have systematically summarized current progress of MOF-based materials for electrocatalysis reduction of CO 2 . Although a few of reviews have described MOFs for photoand electro-catalytic CO 2 conversion [43][44][45][60][61][62][75][76][77][78] , these reviews mainly focused on the pristine MOFs for reduction of CO 2 . We mainly focus on discussing the recent progresses of MOF composites (e.g.…”

A new polypyridyl‐based Ru (II) complex as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction

“…There are various methods to convert CO 2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels, viz . biotransformation, radiochemical methods, thermal‐assisted catalysis, enzymatic electrosynthesis and chemical, biochemical, photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction, for which many reviews have been published to cover the recent developments . These methods are useful for recycling carbon, and provide a carbon‐neutral fuel cycle, in which the CO 2 released by combustion of fossil fuels is converted back to fuels.…”