Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Gels for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Structural and Compositional Considerations

Abstract

Increasing demand for sustainable and clean energy is calling for the next‐generation energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cells, water electrolyzers, CO2/N2 reduction electrolyzers, metal–air batteries, etc. All these electrochemical processes involve oxygen electrocatalysis. Boosting the intrinsic activity and the active‐site density through rational design of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic gels (MOGs) as precursors represents a new approach toward improving oxygen electrocatalysis efficiency. MOFs/MOGs afford a broad selection of combinations between metal nodes and organic linkers and are known to produce electrocatalysts with high surface areas, variable porosity, and excellent activity after pyrolysis. Some recent studies on MOFs/MOGs for oxygen electrocatalysis and their new perspectives in synthesis, characterization, and performance are discussed. New insights on the structural and compositional design in MOF/MOG‐derived oxygen electrocatalysts are summarized. Critical challenges and future research directions are also outlined.

Carbon Aerogels as Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Applications: Recent Developments and Prospects

“… ( a ) Schematic diagram of the synthesis process of CAs. ( b ) The electrochemical processes include ORR in fuel cells, the OER and HER in water electrolyzers, and the CO 2 RR in CO 2 reduction electrolyzers [ 33 ]. Reproduced with permission.…”

Kinetics-Favorable Ultrathin NiCo-MOF Nanosheets with Boosted Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage for Quasi-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…11,12 Coupling with the structural merits and redox-active metal sites, MOFs have been extensively investigated as fascinatingly pseudocapacitive electrodes for HSCs. 13 However, the poor electrical conductivity hampers their applications. 14 Constructing bimetallic MOFs with two different kinds of redox-center metal nodes can work out this challenging problem to some extent.…”

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging pseudocapacitive materials that are composed of metal ions connected by multitopic organic linkers, exhibiting diversiform structure, regulatable size, and tailorable morphology. , Coupling with the structural merits and redox-active metal sites, MOFs have been extensively investigated as fascinatingly pseudocapacitive electrodes for HSCs . However, the poor electrical conductivity hampers their applications .…”

MOF-derived carbon-coated cuprous phosphide nanosheets for electrocatalytic glucose oxidation

“…9,10 It has attracted wide attention on account of their tunable nanostructure, adjustable morphology, rich topology, and large porosity for various applications, such as photo-/electrochemical catalysis, gas storage and separation, and energy storage and conversion. 11,12 Currently, MOF materials and their derivatives have been considered as competitive candidates for electrochemical sensors owing to their high surface area, flexible pore size, and abundant active sites. [13][14][15][16][17] Nevertheless, there are still some obstacles to the practical application as non-enzymatic glucose sensors for MOF-based materials, including small detection range, low sensitivity, poor chemical stability and conductivity.…”