Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) through the Lens of Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Current Status and Future Perspective

Mashhadzadeh, Amin Hamed; Taghizadeh, Ali; Taghizadeh, Mohsen; Munir, Muhammad Tajammal; Habibzadeh, Sajjad; Salmankhani, Azam; Stadler, Florian J.; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.3390/jcs4020075

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…It is crucial in the clinic that the surface functionalization technique for NMOFs can gain the desired function and adhere to the strict specifications. These two methods, however, need stable NMOFs and substrates under synthetic circumstances [ 303 , 304 ].…”

Section: Nano Metal–organic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles: Taking a Unique Position in Medicine

Mahapatra²,

et al. 2023

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The human nature of curiosity, wonder, and ingenuity date back to the age of humankind. In parallel with our history of civilization, interest in scientific approaches to unravel mechanisms underlying natural phenomena has been developing. Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth in research in the area of pharmaceuticals and medicine. The optimism that nanotechnology (NT) applied to medicine and drugs is taking serious steps to bring about significant advances in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease—a shift from fantasy to reality. The growing interest in the future medical applications of NT leads to the emergence of a new field for nanomaterials (NMs) and biomedicine. In recent years, NMs have emerged as essential game players in modern medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are instances where nanoparticles (NPs) enable analyses and therapies that cannot be performed otherwise. However, NPs also bring unique environmental and societal challenges, particularly concerning toxicity. Thus, clinical applications of NPs should be revisited, and a deep understanding of the effects of NPs from the pathophysiologic basis of a disease may bring more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities and yield more effective therapies and preventive features. Correspondingly, this review highlights the significant contributions of NPs to modern medicine and drug delivery systems. This study also attempted to glimpse the future impact of NT in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Nano Metal–organic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles: Taking a Unique Position in Medicine

Mahapatra²,

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, after 48 and 72 h of treatment, the relative cell viability decreased in a gradual trend, which is a normal phenomenon. It should be noted that, on the basis of the literature, − both MXene and MOF-5 are typically toxic nanomaterials; therefore, the obtained results of the cell viability are of great importance and a record by itself. The results of the dose-dependent MTT assay are detailed in the Supporting Information (Figures S1–S12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers Decorated MOF-MXene Nanocarriers for Co-delivery of Doxorubicin/pCRISPR

Rabiee

Bagherzadeh

Jouyandeh

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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A one-pot and facile method with assistance of high gravity was applied for the synthesis of inorganic two-dimensional MOF-5 embedded MXene nanostructures. The innovative inorganic MXene/MOF-5 nanostructure was applied in co-delivery of drug and gene, and to increase its bioavailability and interaction with the pCRISPR, the nanomaterial was coated with alginate and chitosan. The polymer-coated nanosystems were fully characterized, and the sustained DOX delivery and comprehensive cytotoxicity studies were conducted on the HEK-293, PC12, HepG2, and HeLa cell lines, demonstrating acceptable and excellent cell viability at both very low (0.1 μg.mL −1 ) and high (10 μg•mL −1 ) concentrations. The chitosan-coated nanocarriers showed superior relative cell viability compared to others, more than 60% on average of relative cell viability in all of the cell lines. Then, alginate-coated nanocarriers ranked at second place on the higher relative cell viability, more than 50% on average for all of the cell lines. Also, MTT results showed a complete dosedependence, and by increasing the time of treatment from 24 to 72 h, the relative cell viability decreased by a meaningful slope; however, this decrease was optimized by coating the nanocarrier with chitosan and alginate. The nanosystems were also tagged with pCRISPR to analyze the potential application in the co-delivery of drug/gene. CLSM images of the HEK-293 and HeLa cell lines unveiled successful delivery of pCRISPR into the cells, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reached up to ca. 26% for the HeLa cell line. Also, a considerable drug payload of 35.7% was achieved, which would be because of the interactions between the nanocarrier and the doxorubicin. In this unprecedented report pertaining to the synthesis of MXene assisted by a MOF and high-gravity technique, the methodology and the optimized ensuing MXene/MOF-5 nanosystems can be further developed for the co-delivery of drug/gene in animal models.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…161 Additionally, by combining two-dimensional MOF with additional two-dimensional functional materials, novel heterogeneous structures with intriguing properties can be created (such MXene). 162,163 A method for catalyst regeneration has been developed that separates monovalent metal ions with a selected cation and a thermally regenerating metal-organic framework (MOF). Crosslinked MOF-808 with functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acryloylamidobenzo-18-crown-6) (pNCE/ MOF-808) preferentially adsorbs Na + and K + while leaving Li + behind.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%