Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe): Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Application in Development of a Novel and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Cadmium Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

A metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. A synthesized MIL-53(Fe) sample was characterized, and results indicated that the formed MIL-53(Fe) was a single phase with small particle size of 0.8 μm and homogeneous particle size distribution was obtained. The synthesized MIL-53(Fe) has been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a drop-casting technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE showed that the MIL-53(Fe) was successfully immobilized onto the GCE electrode surface and the electrochemical behavior of the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode was stable. In addition, several electrochemical parameters of MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE (GCE/MIL-53(Fe)) including the heterogeneous standard rate constant ( k 0 ) and the electrochemically effective surface area ( A ) were calculated. Obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized MIL-53(Fe) with the small particle size, highly homogeneous particle size, and high electrochemically effective surface area was able to significantly enhance the electrochemical response signal of the working electrode. Therefore, the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode has been used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) monitoring in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The response signal of the electrochemical sensor increased linearly in the Cd(II) ion concentration range from 150 nM to 450 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM.

Fe metal‐organic framework/pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose composite as a high‐performance anode for lithium‐ion batteries

“…numerous pseudo spherical particles uniformly distributed throughout the observed area. This unique feature of the MIL‐53(Fe) crystals has been reported elsewhere 45,46 . The size of pseudo spherical particles ranges from 6 to 8 nm (inset of Figure 4D).…”

“…This unique feature of the MIL-53(Fe) crystals has been reported elsewhere. 45,46 The size of pseudo spherical particles ranges from 6 to 8 nm (inset of Figure 4D). On the other hand, the incorporation of pBC in the MIL-53(Fe) synthesis changed the morphology of the crystals, as observed in Figure 4E,F.…”

MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2: an amine-functionalized metal–organic framework for application in a sensitive electrochemical sensor for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ion detection

“…3 As a result, MOFs can be applied in various elds, such as gas storage and separation, 4,5 drug delivery, 6,7 chemical separation, 8 catalysis, 9 cell imaging, 10 and sensing. [11][12][13] In terms of the sensing domain, MOFs are considered as a promising material class for the detection of various contaminants, such as organic substances, 14,15 antibiotics, [16][17][18][19] inorganic and heavy metal ions, 20 owing to good physicochemical properties (e.g., large surface area, sensitivity to target ions, and versatile structure). For the synthesis of MOFs materials, linear organic linkers, such as terephtalic acid, have been widely used due to their ability to create open framework structures.…”

MIL‐53(Fe)/rGO: A new material applied in an electrochemical sensor for detection of Cd(II) ions in aqueous solutions

“…[ 14‐18 ] Therein, Fe‐based MOFs with outstanding characteristics compared to other MOFs, which are chemically stable and have a less toxic metal centre, have attracted interests of researchers. [ 19,20 ]…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18] Therein, Febased MOFs with outstanding characteristics compared to other MOFs, which are chemically stable and have a less toxic metal centre, have attracted interests of researchers. [19,20] Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possess large surface areas and good electrical conductivities; thus, they are widely used in electrochemical sensors. [21,22] In addition, GO/rGO's unique structure has provided various active sites for incorporation with other materials.…”