“…Figure 2 shows the spectra of lignin and Fe-BTC that were synthesized. The spectra absorption bands of Fe-BTC are similar to those found in previous studies (Autie-Castro et al 2015;García et al 2014;Mahmoodi et al 2018). Infrared absorption bands from 1300 to 1700 cm -1 indicate the presence of the carboxylate functional group, while the bands below 1300 cm -1 suggest an aromatic benzene ring, which are consistent with the nature of the involved organic ligands.…”
This study assesses the application of iron (III) trimesic (Fe-BTC) as a coagulant-flocculant to remove lignin from pulp and paper (P&P) wastewater. In this research, Fe-BTC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the functional groups of Fe-BTC and lignin were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determined the surface morphology of the material. The influential parameters affecting lignin removal included the initial lignin concentration, the quantity of Fe-BTC, and the pH which were investigated using a single batch mixing system. The experimental and optimum operational conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Fe-BTC dosage plays a major role in efficiently removing lignin, while the pH and initial lignin concentration had no significant effect. Greater than 80% removal efficiency could be achieved with a Fe-BTC dosage as low as 2 g/L. The proposed mechanism of lignin aggregation was that Fe molecules were released from unsaturated sites of Fe-BTC and then formed new bonds with O in the methoxy lignin group. The interaction between Fe-BTC and lignin was π-π stacking (benzene ring), which explains the formation of F-O bonds in the lignin sludge.
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini menilai penggunaan besi (III) trimesik (Fe-BTC) sebagai bahan penggumpal untuk menyingkirkan lignin daripada air sisa pulpa dan kertas (P&P). Dalam kajian ini, Fe-BTC dicirikan oleh pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) manakala kumpulan fungsian Fe-BTC dan lignin dianalisis melalui spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR). MikroskopElektron Imbasan (SEM) menentukan morfologi permukaan untuk bahan. Parameter penting yang menyebabkan penyingkiran lignin adalah termasuk kepekatan pemula lignin, kuantiti Fe-BTC dan pH yang dikaji menggunakan sistem campuran kelompok tunggal. Syarat uji kaji dan pengoperasian optimum telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD). Dos Fe-BTC memainkan peranan penting dalam menyingkirkan lignin dengan cekap, manakala pH dan kepekatan pemula lignin tidak menunjukkan kesan yang ketara. Lebih daripada 80% kecekapan penyingkiran boleh dicapai dengan dos Fe-BTC serendah 2 g/L. Mekanisme cadangan daripada pengagregatan lignin adalah bahawa Fe molekul dibebaskan dari unsatured tapak Fe-BTC dan kemudian membentuk ikatan baharu dengan O dalam kumpulan lignin metoksi. Interaksi antara Fe-BTC dan lignin ialah susunan π-π (gelang benzena) yang menjelaskan pembentukan ikatan F-O dalam enap-cemar lignin.Kata kunci: Fe-BTC; lignin; MOFs; pulpa dan kertas; rangka kerja logam-organik; reka bentuk Box-Behnken
“…Figure 2 shows the spectra of lignin and Fe-BTC that were synthesized. The spectra absorption bands of Fe-BTC are similar to those found in previous studies (Autie-Castro et al 2015;García et al 2014;Mahmoodi et al 2018). Infrared absorption bands from 1300 to 1700 cm -1 indicate the presence of the carboxylate functional group, while the bands below 1300 cm -1 suggest an aromatic benzene ring, which are consistent with the nature of the involved organic ligands.…”
This study assesses the application of iron (III) trimesic (Fe-BTC) as a coagulant-flocculant to remove lignin from pulp and paper (P&P) wastewater. In this research, Fe-BTC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the functional groups of Fe-BTC and lignin were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determined the surface morphology of the material. The influential parameters affecting lignin removal included the initial lignin concentration, the quantity of Fe-BTC, and the pH which were investigated using a single batch mixing system. The experimental and optimum operational conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Fe-BTC dosage plays a major role in efficiently removing lignin, while the pH and initial lignin concentration had no significant effect. Greater than 80% removal efficiency could be achieved with a Fe-BTC dosage as low as 2 g/L. The proposed mechanism of lignin aggregation was that Fe molecules were released from unsaturated sites of Fe-BTC and then formed new bonds with O in the methoxy lignin group. The interaction between Fe-BTC and lignin was π-π stacking (benzene ring), which explains the formation of F-O bonds in the lignin sludge.
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini menilai penggunaan besi (III) trimesik (Fe-BTC) sebagai bahan penggumpal untuk menyingkirkan lignin daripada air sisa pulpa dan kertas (P&P). Dalam kajian ini, Fe-BTC dicirikan oleh pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) manakala kumpulan fungsian Fe-BTC dan lignin dianalisis melalui spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR). MikroskopElektron Imbasan (SEM) menentukan morfologi permukaan untuk bahan. Parameter penting yang menyebabkan penyingkiran lignin adalah termasuk kepekatan pemula lignin, kuantiti Fe-BTC dan pH yang dikaji menggunakan sistem campuran kelompok tunggal. Syarat uji kaji dan pengoperasian optimum telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD). Dos Fe-BTC memainkan peranan penting dalam menyingkirkan lignin dengan cekap, manakala pH dan kepekatan pemula lignin tidak menunjukkan kesan yang ketara. Lebih daripada 80% kecekapan penyingkiran boleh dicapai dengan dos Fe-BTC serendah 2 g/L. Mekanisme cadangan daripada pengagregatan lignin adalah bahawa Fe molekul dibebaskan dari unsatured tapak Fe-BTC dan kemudian membentuk ikatan baharu dengan O dalam kumpulan lignin metoksi. Interaksi antara Fe-BTC dan lignin ialah susunan π-π (gelang benzena) yang menjelaskan pembentukan ikatan F-O dalam enap-cemar lignin.Kata kunci: Fe-BTC; lignin; MOFs; pulpa dan kertas; rangka kerja logam-organik; reka bentuk Box-Behnken
“…The resulting product was washed several times with tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and dichloromethane. The product was dried under vacuum at 60 8Ct og ive ay ellow powder.E lemental analysis calcd (%) for C 21 Preparation of TpTD 2,4,6-Triformylphloroglucinol (21.00 mg, 0.10 mmol) and 4,4'-thiodianiline (32.00 mg, 0.15 mmol) were added to a1 0mLr eaction flask, and dioxane (1.5 mL) and mesitylene (1.5 mL) were added subsequently.A fter ultrasonication for 1min, 3 m acetic acid solution (0.4 mL) was added. The reaction flask was sealed and heated to 120 8Cf or 2days.…”
Section: Instrumentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[9][10][11][12][13] At present, many catalytic systems, such as CZTS-Pt, [14] NNU-36, [16] CQDs/Bi 2 WO 6 , [15] etc. [17][18][19][20][21][22] have been used to catalyzet he degradationo fs ome organic dyes under visible light effectively. However,t hey can achieve high efficiency catalysis only by the addition of cocatalysts or long-term illumination, which greatly increases the cost of dye degradation.…”
Three novel chemically stable porousorganic polymers (POPs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method; the POPs contain sulfone bonds (TpSD), no sulfur atoms (TpMD), or thioether bonds (TpTD). The catalytic mechanism of the POP with sulfone bondsw as studied,a nd it was found that the wide visible light absorption range, high specific surfacea rea,a nd the hydrophilicity of the material significantly promoted the catalytic efficiency of TpSD. The presence of O = S = Og ives TpSD ah igher degree of conju-gation than TpMD and TpTD, so TpSD shows the strongest UV/Visible absorption and faster transmission of electrons. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B( RhB) molecules is approximately 100 %w ith TpSD andi ts pseudo-firstorder rate constant is 0.0770 min À1 ,w hich is the highest amonga ll reported non-metallicp hotocatalysts. Moreover,i t is also the first time that sulfur-containing polymerh ave been used in photocatalytic degradationofd yes.
“…Basic Blue 41 (BB41) is an azo-dye (see Figure 1 for its chemical structure), which has been frequently used as a model dye to test photocatalytic degradation [14][15][16][17]. It has also been used in the present work as a model dye to study photoelectrocatalytic vs. photocatalytic degradation.…”
The azo dye Basic Blue 41 was subjected to photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation using nanopararticulate titania films deposited on either glass slides or Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes. The degradation was carried out by irradiating titania films with weak ultraviolet (UVA) radiation. The degradation was faster when using FTO as a titania support even without bias and was further accelerated under forward electric bias. This result was explained by enhanced electron-hole separation even in the case of the unbiased titania/FTO combination. This system for organic material photocatalytic degradation was also successfully applied to the degradation of the anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam, which demonstrated a well distinguished degradation behavior in going from a plain glass support to unbiased and biased FTO. The degradation pathway of piroxicam has been additionally studied using liquid chromatography-accurate mass spectrometry analysis.
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