“…Another concern is the crystalline and delicate character of the MOFs, which can quickly break down into tiny powders, limiting their practical applicability. [ 138 ] In Table 2 , the microplastic photodegradation efficiencies of some of the metal oxide‐based photocatalysts are compared.…”
Section: Strategies Adopted For Microplastic Degradation Using Nano/m...mentioning
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics in the environment has raised serious environmental and health concerns. These tiny plastic particles can enter the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. Researchers worldwide have focused their efforts on developing strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution. This review focuses on the potential of nano/microstructured metal oxide semiconductors as effective photocatalysts for microplastic degradation. The review is divided into two sections: static metal oxides and dynamic micromachines based on metal oxides. The modifications made to nano/microstructured metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX), NiO, Cu2O/CuO, perovskite‐like Bi2WO6, Fe3O4, etc., to enhance their degradation efficiency are thoroughly discussed and reviewed. Additionally, the photocatalytic pathways for the conversion of microplastics into C2 fuel and other value‐added products are also elaborated. The current developments in the realm of dynamic, self‐propelled, and controlled micromotors for the photodegradation of microplastics are also highlighted. The review concludes by proposing future perspectives and challenges to facilitate the remediation of microplastics in water and wastewater systems in a more effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly manner. Overall, the review emphasizes the potential of photocatalysis using nano/microstructured metal oxide semiconductors as an eco‐friendly and promising approach for microplastic degradation.
“…Another concern is the crystalline and delicate character of the MOFs, which can quickly break down into tiny powders, limiting their practical applicability. [ 138 ] In Table 2 , the microplastic photodegradation efficiencies of some of the metal oxide‐based photocatalysts are compared.…”
Section: Strategies Adopted For Microplastic Degradation Using Nano/m...mentioning
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics in the environment has raised serious environmental and health concerns. These tiny plastic particles can enter the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. Researchers worldwide have focused their efforts on developing strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution. This review focuses on the potential of nano/microstructured metal oxide semiconductors as effective photocatalysts for microplastic degradation. The review is divided into two sections: static metal oxides and dynamic micromachines based on metal oxides. The modifications made to nano/microstructured metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX), NiO, Cu2O/CuO, perovskite‐like Bi2WO6, Fe3O4, etc., to enhance their degradation efficiency are thoroughly discussed and reviewed. Additionally, the photocatalytic pathways for the conversion of microplastics into C2 fuel and other value‐added products are also elaborated. The current developments in the realm of dynamic, self‐propelled, and controlled micromotors for the photodegradation of microplastics are also highlighted. The review concludes by proposing future perspectives and challenges to facilitate the remediation of microplastics in water and wastewater systems in a more effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly manner. Overall, the review emphasizes the potential of photocatalysis using nano/microstructured metal oxide semiconductors as an eco‐friendly and promising approach for microplastic degradation.
“…You et al [81] used MOF-based wood aerogel for removing micro/nano plastics. The results of the study indicate that ZIF-8@Aerogel has a highly favorable effect on the removal of nano-scale PVDF and PS particles.…”
Section: Application Of Mofs For Removal Of Mps From Water and Wastew...mentioning
This paper provides an overview of recent research performed on the applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for microplastics (MPs) removal from aqueous environments. MPs pollution has become a major environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, developing effective and sustainable methods for removing them from aqueous environments is crucial. In recent years, MOFs have emerged as a promising solution for this purpose due to their unique properties such as high surface area, renewability, chemical stability, and versatility. Moreover, their specific properties such as their pore size and chemical composition can be tailored to enhance their efficiency in removing MPs. It has been shown that MOFs can effectively adsorb MPs from aqueous media in the range of 70–99.9%. Besides some high price concerns, the main drawback of using MOFs is their powder form which can pose challenges due to their instability. This can be addressed by supporting MOFs on other substrates such as aerogels or foams. Meanwhile, there is a need for more research to investigate the long-term stability of MOFs in aqueous environments and developing efficient regeneration methods for their repeated use.
“…A zinc MOF composite, ZIF-8@Aerogel, was reported by You et al in 2021 [ 59 ]. This material was prepared by growing in situ ZIF-8 particles on wood aerogel fibres and it was effectively applied for the removal of MPs/NPs at different concentration in water and seawater media.…”
Section: Mofs As Mps/nps Adsorbentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Entry MOF or MOF-based composite MPs/NPs Application Conditions Process efficiency Ref. 1 ZIF-67 PS (1–3 µm) Adsorbent 5 ppb of MPs in water at a 3–12 pH range, 288–308 K Up to 92.1% of removal at 298 K [ 56 ] 2 MIL-101(Cr) PS (65 nm) Adsorbent 5–100 ppm of NPs in MiliQ water at pH 5–10, 25°C Up to 96% of removal at 5 and 70 ppm, pH 5 [ 57 ] 3 UiO-66-X in a melamine porous foam, X = H, NH 2 , OH, Br and NO 2 PVDF 260–322 nm PMMA 325 nm PS 183 nm Adsorbent 0.5–2 ppm of MPs in water/ethanol (3:1) or simulated seawater environments PMMA, 88.2% PS 85.7% PVDF Up to 95.5% of removal [ 58 ] 4 ZIF-8 in a wood aerogel PVDF (60—110 nm) PS (90―140 nm) Adsorbent 0.5 ppm of MPs in water/ethanol (3:1) and seawater environments Up to 91.4% of removal [ 59 ] 5 PSF/MIL-100 (Fe) mixed matrix membrane PVC (134.6 µm) PE (42.5 µm) Adsorbent Different concentrations of MPs/Nps in water at different pHand in presence of MB Up to 99% of removal [ 60 ] 6 UiO-66(Zr) PET chips Catalytic degradation Solvent-free p...…”
Mismanagement of plastic waste results in its ubiquitous presence in the environment. Despite being durable and persistent materials, plastics are reduced by weathering phenomena into debris with a particle size down to nanometers. The fate and ecotoxicological effects of these solid micropollutants are not fully understood yet, but they are raising increasing concerns for the environment and people’s health. Even if different current technologies have the potential to remove plastic particles, the efficiency of these processes is modest, especially for nanoparticles. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline nano-porous materials with unique properties, have unique properties, such as strong coordination bonds, large and robustus porous structures, high accessible surface areas and adsorption capacity, which make them suitable adsorbent materials for micropollutants. This review examines the preliminary results reported in literature indicating that MOFs are promising adsorbents for the removal of plastic particles from water, especially when MOFs are integrated in porous composite materials or membranes, where they are able to assure high removal efficiency, superior water flux and antifouling properties, even in the presence of other dissolved co-pollutants. Moreover, a recent trend for the alternative preparation of MOFs starting from plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate, as a sustainable source of organic linkers is also reviewed, as it represents a promising route for mitigating the impact of the costs deriving from the widescale MOFs production and application. This connubial between MOFs and plastic has the potential to contribute at implementing a more effective waste management and the circular economy principles in the polymer life cycle.
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