Metal-nanowall grating transparent electrodes: Achieving high optical transmittance at high incident angles with minimal diffraction

Kuang, Ping; Park, Joong Mok; Liu, Geyuan; Ye, Zhuo; Leung, Wai‐Yee; Chaudhary, Sumit; Lynch, David W.; Ho, Kai‐Ming; Constant, Kristen P.

doi:10.1364/oe.21.002393

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[ 15 ] They have also shown that this performance could additionally be improved for high angles of incident light by encapsulating the grids inside a polymer fi lm. [ 30 ] The electrical and optical performance of our grids are summarized in the R s -T plot shown in Figure 7 . We have selected some of the best-performing recently published TCEs by various fabrication techniques as well as other EHD printed electrodes and ITO as references.…”

Section: Electrical and Optical Performance Of Printed Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Schneider

Rohner

Thureja

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

235

255

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833wileyonlinelibrary.com fi lm solar cells, and smart windows. [ 4 ] The main disadvantage of ITO is its limited optical performance at very low sheet resistances. Moreover, the brittleness of the ceramic ITO fi lms can present a bottleneck in the fabrication of highly fl exible devices. [ 5 ] These disadvantages have motivated recent research efforts toward alternative material systems such as carbon nanotube [ 6 ] or silver nanowire (AgNW) networks, [ 7,8 ] metallized electrospun nanowires, [ 9,10 ] graphene layers, [ 11 ] ultrathin metal fi lms, [ 12 ] self-forming [ 13 ] or patterned metal grids. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ideally, besides having very good electrical and optical performance, the new system should be low cost, fl exible and include direct patterning. The former two can be achieved by the additive solution-processing of silver nanowire networks that show remarkable fl exibility. [ 8 ] Depending on the application, this method however requires a post deposition structuring step. Direct patterning can be implemented with metal-wire grid electrodes when considering suitable printing technologies. While grids have been realized with nanoscale lines in several studies, the fabrication relied on subtractive multistep patterning methods such as imprinting, [ 14,15,20 ] lithography, [ 15 ] or evaporative self-assembly. [ 16 ] For microscale line widths, although not completely additive, an elegant method using selective laser sintering of a silver or nickel nanoparticle fi lm has been presented by Hong et al. [ 17 ] and Lee et al., [ 18 ] respectively. A direct ink writing approach of concentrated silver inks has been shown by Ahn et al., demonstrating linewidths around 5 µm. [ 19 ] TCE of very high performance have been demonstrated by electrospinning of polymer nanowires followed by the metal evaporation resulting in nanotrough networks of various metals. [ 9 ] A similar procedure was used to fabricate a network of copper wires about 1 µm in diameter that can be transferred onto a fi ner mesh of solution-deposited nanowires. [ 10 ] However, this interesting method is neither additive nor does it have the ability for direct patterning.Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, the technique used in this work, has been applied as a viable additive and noncontact printing technique. Conventional additive printing methods such as screen printing or inkjet printing simply lack the resolution needed for invisible metal grid TCE applications. Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

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Section: Electrical and Optical Performance Of Printed Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Schneider

Rohner

Thureja

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

235

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The film was etched in a reactive ion etcher (RIE) by using oxygen plasma at the RF power of 150 W, process pressure of 70 mtorr, and gas flow of 50 sccm. After the first etching of the polymer, the structures were random columnar-like, with high aspect ratios and densities 40 . A second plasma treatment with argon gas at the high RF power of 200 W and process pressure of 25 mtorr was applied to the structure to reduce the aspect ratio and density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple method for fabricating scattering layer using random nanoscale rods for improving optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes

Kwack

Choi

Park

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We investigated a low-temperature mask-free process for preparing random nanoscale rods (RNRs) as a scattering layer. The process involves spin coating and dry etching, which are already widely applied in industry. Our film exhibited 17–33% optical haze at 520 nm wavelength and 95% total transmittance in the visible range. Therefore, this film can be used as a scattering layer for improving viewing angle characteristics and decreasing substrate mode loss in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Specifically, we focussed on varying the height and density of the RNRs to control the optical characteristics. As a result, the OLEDs with RNRs revealed a variation in colour coordinates of Δ(x, y) = (0.007, 0.014) for a change in the viewing angle, which was superior to those without the RNRs that displayed a variation of Δ(x, y) = (0.020, 0.034) in CIE 1931. Moreover, the OLEDs with RNRs exhibited 31% enhanced external quantum efficiency compared to those of the OLEDs with the bare substrate. The flexibility of the polymer used for the RNRs and the plasma treatment suggests that the RNRs can be applied to flexible OLED displays and lighting systems.

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“…The TEs showed high transmission even though the incidence angle is large up to 70 deg. 49 One more advantage of the metallic grating structure is heat reflection. Most thermal radiation sources, including the solar spectrum, have significant IR which is converted to heat after absorption.…”

Section: Transparent Electrodes As Replacements For Ito and Heat Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystal: energy-related applications

2012

J. Photon. Energy

Self Cite

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We review recent work on photonic-crystal fabrication using soft-lithography techniques. We consider applications of the resulting structures in energy-related areas such as lighting and solar-energy harvesting. In general, our aim is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe their history, development, and fabrication techniques and discuss a selection of energy-related applications. Abstract. We review recent work on photonic-crystal fabrication using soft-lithography techniques. We consider applications of the resulting structures in energy-related areas such as lighting and solar-energy harvesting. In general, our aim is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe their history, development, and fabrication techniques and discuss a selection of energy-related applications. Keywords

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Metal-nanowall grating transparent electrodes: Achieving high optical transmittance at high incident angles with minimal diffraction

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip Printing of High Aspect Ratio Metal Grid Transparent Electrodes

Simple method for fabricating scattering layer using random nanoscale rods for improving optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes

Photonic crystal: energy-related applications

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