Metal Ion-Exchanged Bentonites as Useful Solid Catalysts for Regioselective Nitration of Toluene

Catalytic synthesis and characterization of phenol‐branched‐chain fatty acid isomers*

“…The crude reaction product is shown in Scheme . It is likely that the H‐ferrierite zeolite simultaneously catalyzed isomerization and arylation reactions similar to the mechanism previously suggested by Zhang et al . In the isomerization reaction, the olefin on the fatty acids rearranged to the three‐membered carbocation ring followed by ring‐opening (i.e.…”

“…toluene, xylenes, and phenol) using highly acidic perfluorinated resins grafted with sulfonic acid; however, although these resin catalysts gave relatively high yields (80%) of the abc‐FA products, the amount of catalysts needed was equal to that of the OLA used in the reaction. Zhang et al reported the arylation and isomerization of OLA with aromatic species (i.e. toluene) in the presence of zeolites (i.e.…”