“…The proximity hybridization assay (PHA), first reported by Landegren and co-workers in 2002, is attracting more and more attention in the clinical diagnosis of proteins. In PHA, a protein-recognition event is converted into DNA detection. , The PHA with good performance has been applied for the detection of proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), , carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), − total protein of nosema bombycis, prostate-specific antigen, thrombin, − platelet-derived growth factor BB, − insulin, concanavalin A, O-GlcNAcylated proteins, cystatin C, and prostasomes . In the reported PHA, a number of DNA-based amplification strategies, such as polymerase chain reaction, ,,, endonuclease-assisted recycling amplification, − ,, localized rolling-circle amplification, , and nanoparticles- based amplification strategies, ,,, have been employed to enhance the sensitivity.…”