Metal Ion-Chelated Tannic Acid Coating for Hemostatic Dressing

Abstract

Tannic acid (TA), a high-molecular-weight polyphenol, is used as a hemostasis spray and unguent for trauma wound remedy in traditional medical treatment. However, the use of tannic acid on a large-area wound would lead to absorption poisoning. In this work, a TA coating was assembled on a quartz/silicon slide, or medical gauze, via chelation interaction between TA and Fe3+ ions and for further use as a hemostasis dressing. Protein adsorption on the TA coating was further investigated by fluorescence signal, ellipsometry analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen (Fgn) on the TA coating was in the manner of monolayer saturation adsorption, and fibrinogen showed the largest adsorption. Furthermore, we found the slight hemolysis of the TA coating caused by the lysed red blood cells and adsorption of protein, especially the clotting-related fibrinogen, resulted in excellent hemostasis performance of the TA coating in the blood clotting of an animal wound. Thus, this economic, environmentally friendly, flexible TA coating has potential in medical applications as a means of preparing novel hemostasis materials.

Medical Applications Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembled Materials From Tannic Acid

“…Abundant adjacent phenolic hydroxyls and ester groups provide TA with high chemical reactivity, providing sufficient response sites to different substances (Gao and Zharov, 2014 ; Xu et al, 2019 ), which facilitate the ideal properties of TA as a sustainable scaffold on substrate surfaces. In addition, the unique structural properties of TA, including abundant hydrophobic aromatic rings and hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyl groups, allow it to react with various substances through covalent and non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions (Song et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019b ). For example, the interaction between TA and ammonium cations can be attributed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking (Gao and Zharov, 2014 ).…”

“…The unique structure of polyphenol hydroxyl groups not only provides non-covalent bonds but also introduces dynamic covalent bonds. They have a wide range of biological characteristics, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidation effects, resulting in their wide use in the field of biomedicine (Galante et al, 2019 ; Song et al, 2019 ). TA, as a kind of polyphenolic organic compound, has some structural properties and biological activity, and it can be used as a building unit for supramolecular assembly to obtain nanomaterials with biological functions.…”

“…Second, because of the chelating effect of TA on metal ions, overuse may cause diseases such as iron deficiency anemia and calcium deficiency. In addition, the use of TA on large wounds may lead to absorptive poisoning (Song et al, 2019 ). Supramolecular assembly can functionalize TA or assemble TA into nanostructured composites through assembly regulation, and the concentration of assembly materials can be greatly reduced by LbL assembly, thus reducing the limitations of TA materials.…”

“…Polyphenols, including tannic acid (TA), (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), catechin, lignans, catechol, and pyrogallol, are a large class of plant-derived biocompatible and biodegradable compounds consisting of two or more phenolic units in structure (Wang X. et al, 2018 ). Because of their unique sources, the most important characteristics of polyphenols are their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidative actions, which have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of biomedicine (Galante et al, 2019 ; Song et al, 2019 ). In terms of chemical structure, polyphenol compounds also show rich chemical activity due to their multiple hydrophobic aromatic rings and hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyls groups, which provide abundant reaction sites that can interact with various groups or substances through various non-covalent interactions (Kozlovskaya et al, 2015 ; Patil et al, 2018 ) (including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interactions), dynamic covalent binding (Su et al, 2011 ; Ye et al, 2011 ; Faure et al, 2013 ), and metal–organic coordination interactions (Lee et al, 2011 ; Rahim et al, 2016 ; Wang Z. et al, 2017 ).…”

Composite Hemostatic Nonwoven Textiles Based on Hyaluronic Acid, Cellulose, and Etamsylate

“…Unfortunately, any further intervention in the function of the body carries a potential risk. A wide range of traditional materials based on cellulose, collagen, and gelatine are used for varying medical applications [6], but there are now many new fabrics being introduced, including modified sodium starch glycolate, a new chitosan hydroquinone-based gauze, hemostatic agents based on a gelatin-microbial transglutaminase mix, along with other materials with mineral content or metal ion-chelated tannic acid coating [7][8][9][10][11]. Different composites, such as oxycellulose cross-linked gelatin microparticles, a plant-derived oxidized nanofibrillar cellulose-chitosan hemostat and thrombin with a gelatin sponge carrier, have appeared on the market as well [12][13][14].…”