Metal Ion Adsorption Using Coconut Shell Powder Activated by Chemical and Physical Treatments

Abstract

A comparative evaluation is presented of physical and chemical treatments performed on coconut shell powder, in relation to the adsorption capacity of Cu 2+ /Cd 2+ ions. The chemical treatment consisted of impregnation with monoethanolamine (mass ratio of 1:1) or a microemulsion (composed of 10 wt % sodium octanoate). The physical treatment was through steam explosion (P = 5 bar, T = 210 °C). Treatment efficiency was assessed using physical characterization of the adsorber material. Assessment of the ion adsorption capacity was performed in batch mode. The comparative investigation was carried out based on the Langmuir model constants, kinetic constants, and thermodynamic parameters. The efficiency of the modifications was also evaluated through adsorptiondesorption cycles.

Experimental study of competitive heavy metals removal from multimetal solution using wheat bran as a biomaterial: Response surface methodology

“…43 Further, metal removal increases with the adsorbent dose because on increasing the adsorbent dose more active sites are available for metal removal because of the large surface area. 44,45…”

“…However, when the ionic radius is larger than the distance from the hydroxide surface becomes bigger which causes difficulty in adsorption 43 . Further, metal removal increases with the adsorbent dose because on increasing the adsorbent dose more active sites are available for metal removal because of the large surface area 44,45 …”

Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater using Cobalt-diphenylamine (Co-DPA) complex

“…Usually, heavy metal ions can be adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent via intermolecular interactions. The amputation of heavy metals from numerous sources of wastewater has reportedly been accomplished using commercial activated carbon [ 15 , 29 , 30 ], zeolites, and biomass-derived adsorbents like peanut shells [ 31 – 33 ], banana peel [ 34 , 35 ], dry tree leaves [ 36 ], rice husk [ 37 ], tea and coffee waste [ 38 ], coconut shell powder [ 39 ], papaya seed [ 40 ], and eggshell [ 41 ]. Nevertheless, some problems, including the need for a prolonged reaction time, excessive calcination temperature, inadequate stability, short reusability, a low surface area, etc.…”