Metal injection molding of titanium

Ebel, Thomas; Friederici, Vera; Imgrund, Philipp; Hartwig, T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800054-0.00019-8

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, higher relative densities (>98%) can be achieved by using finer powder, though doing so compromises purity [265]. HIP is an effective way to close residual porosity after MIM and thus improve both tensile and fatigue properties.…”

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, finer powders face a higher risk of contamination, especially by oxygen and nitrogen, during handling and sintering due to a larger specific surface area. Therefore, <44 μm (−325 mesh) spherical Ti powder is usually considered an acceptable compromise with regard to sintered density and interstitial concentrations [187,265]. As discussed in section 'Atomization', spherical Ti powder produced by GA or PREP methods is expensive.…”

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, oxygen pickup is about 0.08 wt-% during MIM of Ti, but it can be reduced to 0.03-0.05 wt-% by minimising oxygen exposure of the powder during all production steps [265]. Therefore, the oxygen content of the starting powder must be sufficiently low to account for this pickup and meet the desired purity of the final parts [232].…”

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of consistent development for more than two decades, many Ti components produced via MIM are commercially available today. Additionally, several comprehensive review papers and book chapters have been published on MIM of Ti in the past decade [262][263][264][265][266].…”

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powder metallurgy of titanium – past, present, and future

Fang

Paramore

Sun

et al. 2017

International Materials Reviews

396

158

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Powder metallurgy (PM) of titanium is a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional wrought titanium. This article examines both traditional and emerging technologies, including the production of powder, and the sintering, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PM Ti. The production methods of powder are classified into two categories: (1) powder that is produced as the product of extractive metallurgy processes, and (2) powder that is made from Ti sponge, ingot, mill products, or scrap. A new hydrogen-assisted magnesium reduction (HAMR) process is also discussed. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced using various PM processes are analyzed based on their dependence on unique microstructural features, oxygen content, porosity, and grain size. In particular, the fatigue properties of PM Ti-6Al-4V are examined as functions of microstructure. A hydrogen-enabled approach for microstructural engineering that can be used to produce PM Ti with wroughtlike microstructure and properties is also presented.

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Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mim Of Timentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Powder metallurgy of titanium – past, present, and future

Fang

Paramore

Sun

et al. 2017

International Materials Reviews

396

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This process favors economies of scale, with a high degree of freedom with geometry selection and high reproducibility. Drawback is that it is limited to small sizes [17].…”

Section: Metal Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical properties of titanium alloys in biomedical application

Cummings¹

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Powder Metallurgy and Sintered Materials

Danninger

Calderon

Gierl‐Mayer

2017

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Historical Background 1.2. Economic Aspects 2. Powder Production 2.1. Mechanical Methods 2.1.1. Disintegration without Phase Change 2.1.2. Disintegration with Phase Change 2.2. Chemical Methods 2.2.1. Reduction with Solids 2.2.2. Reduction with Gases 2.2.3. Electrochemical Reduction 2.2.4. Decomposition of Gases 2.2.5. Reaction with Solids (Carbides) 2.3. Powder Characterization 2.3.1. Physical Properties 2.3.2. Chemical Properties 2.3.3. Technological Properties 2.4. Conditioning 3. Shaping Technologies 3.1. Die Compaction 3.2. Powder Forging, Extrusion, and Rolling 3.2.1. Powder Forging 3.2.2. Powder Extrusion 3.2.3. Powder Rolling 3.3. Isostatic Pressing 3.3.1. Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) 3.3.2. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) 3.4. Injection Molding 3.5. Additive Manufacturing 4. Sintering 4.1. Sintering Mechanisms: Solid‐State Sintering 4.2. Liquid Phase Sintering 4.3. Chemical Aspects of Sintering 4.4. Sintering Practice 4.5. Sintering Atmospheres 5. Secondary and Finishing Operations 5.1. Deburring and Cleaning 5.2. Re‐pressing, Sizing, and Coining 5.3. Local Surface Densification Techniques 5.4. Machining 5.5. Joining 5.6. Surface Treatments 5.7. Heat and Thermochemical Treatments 6. Materials and Products 6.1. Precision Parts 6.1.1. Low‐Alloyed Steel Parts 6.1.2. High‐Alloyed Corrosion‐Resistant Steel Parts 6.2. Tool Steels 6.3. Electrical Contact Materials 6.3.1. Contact Materials for Low‐Voltage Switchgear 6.3.2. Contact Materials for High‐Voltage Switchgear 6.4. Magnetic Materials 6.4.1. Soft Magnets 6.4.2. Permanent Magnets 6.5. Cu and Cu Alloys 6.6. Al and Al Alloys 6.6.1. Conventional Pressed and Sintered Aluminum Alloys 6.6.2. High‐Performance Aluminum Alloys 6.7. Ti and Ti Alloys 6.8. Hardphase‐Based Materials 6.9. Refractory Metals 6.9.1. Monolithic Refractory Metals 6.9.2. Two‐Phase Refractory Metals 6.10. PM Superalloys 7. Acknowledgements

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Metal injection molding of titanium

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Powder metallurgy of titanium – past, present, and future

Powder metallurgy of titanium – past, present, and future

Microstructure and Mechanical properties of titanium alloys in biomedical application

Powder Metallurgy and Sintered Materials

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