Metal Hydride Switchable Mirrors (Review)

Maiorov, V. A.

doi:10.1134/s0030400x20010154

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In such a hydrogen powered economy, metal hydrides may play an important role. Although long considered as a potential hydrogen storage medium, 1−3 metal hydrides are now researched for use in fuel cells, 4 hydrogen purifying membranes, 5,6 solid-state electrolytes, 3,7 batteries, 8 switchable mirrors, 9,10 and especially hydrogen sensors. 3,11−16 Often, the application of metal hydrides relies on nanostructured materials which may have significantly different structural and functional properties than their bulk counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Completely Elastic Deformation of Hydrogenated Ta Thin Films

Bannenberg

Blom

Sakaki

et al. 2023

ACS Materials Lett.

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Nanostructured metal hydrides could play a key role in a hydrogen economy. The nanostructuring or confinement of these materials as, e.g., thin films significantly affects the structural and functional properties. For tantalum hydride, a versatile hydrogen sensing material, we show that the confinement of tantalum as a thin film extends the solubility limit by suppressing the phase transition observed in bulk upon hydrogenation. Different from bulk, the body centered cubic unit cell continuously deforms with unequal lattice constants and angles between lattice vectors. This deformation ensures that the volumetric expansion is realized in the out-of-plane direction, and surprisingly, completely elastic in nature. The first-order phase transition suppression combined with the continuous elastic deformation of the tantalum unit cell over an extraordinary wide solubility range ensures the superb performance of tantalum and its alloys as a hysteresis-free optical hydrogen sensing range over a hydrogen pressure/concentration range of over 7 orders of magnitude.

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confidence: 99%

“…In such a hydrogen powered economy, metal hydrides may play an important role. Although long considered as a potential hydrogen storage medium, − metal hydrides are now researched for use in fuel cells, hydrogen purifying membranes, , solid-state electrolytes, , batteries, switchable mirrors, , and especially hydrogen sensors. ,− …”

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confidence: 99%

Completely Elastic Deformation of Hydrogenated Ta Thin Films

Bannenberg

Blom

Sakaki

et al. 2023

ACS Materials Lett.

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“…Metal hydrides have been projected to play an important role in a green economy in which hydrogen is an important energy vector. − While these materials have traditionally been studied as materials for hydrogen storage, − other applications as in switchable mirrors, , hydrogen-purifying membranes, − fuel cells, and especially hydrogen sensors became increasingly prominent over the last years. ,− In all of these applications, fast kinetics are extremely important. However, while the diffusion of hydrogen is in most materials relatively fast at room temperature, the observed kinetics are generally speaking much slower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation Kinetics of Metal Hydride Catalytic Layers

Bannenberg

Boshuizen

Nugroho

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Catalyzing capping layers on metal hydrides are employed to enhance the hydrogenation kinetics of metal hydride-based systems such as hydrogen sensors. Here, we use a novel experimental method to study the hydrogenation kinetics of catalyzing capping layers composed of several alloys of Pd and Au as well as Pt, Ni, and Ru, all with and without an additional PTFE polymer protection layer and under the same set of experimental conditions. In particular, we employ a thin Ta film as an optical indicator to study the kinetics of the catalytic layers deposited on top of it and which allows one to determine the absolute hydrogenation rates. Our results demonstrate that doping Pd with Au results in significantly faster hydrogenation kinetics, with response times up to five times shorter than Pd through enhanced diffusion and a reduction in the activation energy. On the other hand, the kinetics of non-Pd-based materials turn out to be significantly slower and mainly limited by the diffusion through the capping layer itself. Surprisingly, the additional PTFE layer was only found to improve the kinetics of Pd-based capping materials and has no significant effect on the kinetics of Pt, Ni, and Ru. Taken together, the experimental results aid in rationally choosing a suitable capping material for the application of metal hydrides and other materials in a hydrogen economy. In addition, the used method can be applied to simultaneously study the hydrogenation kinetics in thin-film materials for a wide set of experimental conditions.

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“…Metal hydrides have been projected to play an important role in such a hydrogen-powered economy. While these materials have traditionally been studied as materials for hydrogen storage [5][6][7] , other applications as in switchable mirrors 8,9 , hydrogen purifying membranes 10,11 , fuel cells 12 and especially hydrogen sensors became increasingly prominent over the last years 7,[13][14][15][16][17][18] . In all of these applications, fast kinetics are extremely important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation kinetics of metal hydride catalytic layers

Bannenberg¹,

Schreuders²

2021

Preprint

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Catalyzing capping layers on top of metal hydrides are often employed to enhance the hydrogenation kinetics of metal hydride based systems such as hydrogen sensors. Here, we experimentally study the hydrogenation kinetics of capping layers composed of several alloys of Pd and Au as well as Pt, Ni and Ru, all with and without an additional PTFE protection layer using a novel method and under the same set of experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that doping Pd with Au results in significantly faster hydrogenation kinetics, with response times up to five times shorter than Pd through enhanced diffusion and a reduction of the activation energy. The kinetics of non-Pd based materials turns out to be significantly slower and mainly limited by the diffusion through the capping layer itself. Surprisingly, the additional PTFE layer was only found to improve the kinetics of Pd-based capping materials and has no significant effect on the kinetics of Pt, Ni and Ru. Taken together, the experimental results aid in rationally choosing a suitable capping material for the application of metal hydrides and other materials in a green economy. In addition, the developed method can be used to simultaneously study the hydrogenation kinetics and determine diffusion constants in thin film materials for a wide set of experimental conditions.

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Metal Hydride Switchable Mirrors (Review)

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Completely Elastic Deformation of Hydrogenated Ta Thin Films

Completely Elastic Deformation of Hydrogenated Ta Thin Films

Hydrogenation Kinetics of Metal Hydride Catalytic Layers

Hydrogenation kinetics of metal hydride catalytic layers

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