Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria

Chandrangsu, Pete; Rensing, Christopher; Helmann, John D.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.15

Cited by 529 publications

(450 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…The physiological states associated with zinc homeostasis can be generally described as excess, sufficiency, deficiency and limitation (or starvation) (Chandrangsu et al , ). Excess zinc can lead to toxic consequences, and leads to the expression of protective mechanisms including sequestration or efflux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis FolE is sustained by the ZagA zinc metallochaperone and the alarmone ZTP under conditions of zinc deficiency

Chandrangsu

Huang

Gaballa

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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Summary Bacteria tightly regulate intracellular zinc levels to ensure sufficient zinc to support essential functions, while preventing toxicity. The bacterial response to zinc limitation includes the expression of putative zinc metallochaperones belonging to subfamily 1 of the COG0523 family of G3E GTPases. However, the client proteins and the metabolic processes served by these chaperones are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the Bacillus subtilis YciC zinc metallochaperone (here renamed ZagA for ZTP activated GTPase A) supports de novo folate biosynthesis under conditions of zinc limitation, and interacts directly with the zinc‐dependent GTP cyclohydrolase IA, FolE (GCYH‐IA). Furthermore, we identify a role for the alarmone ZTP, a modified purine biosynthesis intermediate, in the response to zinc limitation. ZTP, a signal of 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate (10f‐THF) deficiency in bacteria, transiently accumulates as FolE begins to fail, stimulates the interaction between ZagA and FolE, and thereby helps to sustain folate synthesis despite declining zinc availability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis FolE is sustained by the ZagA zinc metallochaperone and the alarmone ZTP under conditions of zinc deficiency

Chandrangsu

Huang

Gaballa

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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“…In the case of iron homeostasis, bacteria monitor intracellular iron levels using metal-sensing (metalloregulatory) proteins 7, 8 . The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein is the most widespread bacterial iron sensor 9 , but it can be replaced by functionally analogous proteins such as IdeR (in actinomycetes) 10, 11 and Irr (in alpha-proteobacteria) 12–14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrous iron efflux systems in bacteria

Helmann

2017

Metallomics

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Bacteria require iron for growth, with only a few reported exceptions. In many environments, iron is a limiting nutrient for growth and high affinity uptake systems play a central role in iron homeostasis. However, iron can also be detrimental to cells when it is present in excess, particularly under aerobic conditions where its participation in Fenton chemistry generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Recent results have revealed a critical role for iron efflux transporters in protecting bacteria from iron intoxication. Systems that efflux iron are widely distributed amongst bacteria and fall into several categories: P1B-type ATPases, cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) proteins, and membrane bound ferritin-like proteins. Here, we review the emerging role of iron export in both iron homeostasis and as part of the adaptive response to oxidative stress.

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“…In the same way, while iron is essential in many processes (in particular in respiration), B. subtilis has an interesting preference for manganese [see (Chandrangsu et al ., 2017a)], for example with two transporters, a major one MneP(YdfM) and MneS(YeaB) and a minor one (Huang et al ., 2016). This may explain why iron is dispensable from a variety of Firmicutes (mostly Lactobacilli (Weinberg, 1997)) and the derived clade of Tenericutes (Danchin and Fang, 2016).…”

Section: Bacillus Subtilis In 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis, the model Gram‐positive bacterium: 20 years of annotation refinement

Borriss

Danchin

Harwood

et al. 2017

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryGenome annotation is, nowadays, performed via automatic pipelines that cannot discriminate between right and wrong annotations. Given their importance in increasing the accuracy of the genome annotations of other organisms, it is critical that the annotations of model organisms reflect the current annotation gold standard. The genome of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 was sequenced twenty years ago. Using a combination of inductive, deductive and abductive reasoning, we present a unique, manually curated annotation, essentially based on experimental data. This reveals how this bacterium lives in a plant niche, while carrying a paleome operating system common to Firmicutes and Tenericutes. Dozens of new genomic objects and an extensive literature survey have been included for the sequence available at the INSDC (AccNum AL009126.3). We also propose an extension to Demerec's nomenclature rules that will help investigators connect to this type of curated annotation via the use of common gene names.

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Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria

Cited by 529 publications

References 177 publications

Bacillus subtilis FolE is sustained by the ZagA zinc metallochaperone and the alarmone ZTP under conditions of zinc deficiency

Bacillus subtilis FolE is sustained by the ZagA zinc metallochaperone and the alarmone ZTP under conditions of zinc deficiency

Ferrous iron efflux systems in bacteria

Bacillus subtilis, the model Gram‐positive bacterium: 20 years of annotation refinement

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