Metal–Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Superlattice: Self‐Assembly and Optical Fingerprints

Abstract

Self‐assembly of nanocrystals into superlattices is a fascinating process that not only changes geometric morphology, but also creates unique properties that considerably enrich the material toolbox for new applications. Numerous studies have driven the blossoming of superlattices from various aspects. These include precise control of size and morphology, enhancement of properties, exploitation of functions, and integration of the material into miniature devices. The effective synthesis of metal–halide perovskite nanocrystals has advanced research on self‐assembly of building blocks into micrometer‐sized superlattices. More importantly, these materials exhibit abundant optical features, including highly coherent superfluorescence, amplified spontaneous laser emission, and adjustable spectral redshift, facilitating basic research and state‐of‐the‐art applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of metal–halide perovskite superlattices. It begins with basic packing models and introduces various stacking configurations of superlattices. The potential of multiple capping ligands is also discussed and their crucial role in superlattice growth is highlighted, followed by detailed reviews of synthesis and characterization methods. How these optical features can be distinguished and present contemporary applications is then considered. This review concludes with a list of unanswered questions and an outlook on their potential use in quantum computing and quantum communications to stimulate further research in this area.

Controllable Self-Assembly Enabling the Stabilization of Deep Blue Emitting CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets

“…However, too strong vdW interactions will break the preferred orientation and induce aggregation. The controllable self-assembly behavior proposed here may provide a new stabilization route for vulnerable perovskite NCs, which have broad implications on perovskite LEDs and photovoltaics, especially flexible and soft optical devices. , …”

“…The controllable self-assembly behavior proposed here may provide a new stabilization route for vulnerable perovskite NCs, which have broad implications on perovskite LEDs and photovoltaics, especially flexible and soft optical devices. 47,48 ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT * sı Supporting Information…”

Transition metal ion-doped cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals: doping strategies and luminescence design

“…35,38,39 Hitherto, several critical and tutorial reviews have summarized the development of controlled syntheses and regulation of the optical properties of cesium lead halide perovskite NCs. 6,[40][41][42][43][44][45] Fig. 1 Overview of transition metal ions doped cesium lead halide perovskite NCs from doping strategies to optical properties manipulation.…”

“…Hitherto, several critical and tutorial reviews have summarized the development of controlled syntheses and regulation of the optical properties of cesium lead halide perovskite NCs. 6,40–45 However, there have been few reviews focusing on transition metal ion-doped cesium lead halide perovskite NCs. It is urgent to renew the knowledge about the design of transition metal ion-doped cesium lead halide perovskite NCs because more new understanding or progress has been gained very recently.…”

Direct synthesis of CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal assemblies

“…Such assemblies can modify their optoelectronic properties, 11 inducing narrower emission linewidths, coherent superfluoroscence, and increased stimulated emission. 12–15 To date, the main approaches for assembling NCs into such assemblies include: (1) direct synthesis through ultrasonication and elevated precursor concentration; 12 (2) slowly evaporating the solvent of previously synthesized and monodisperse PNC dispersions; 13 (3) introducing polar anti-solvents or complexing agents into a PNC dispersion to drive assembly; 16,17 and (4) post-synthesis ligand exchange. 18 The assembly of perovskites is not limited to cube shaped NCs, with reports extending the assembly of perovskites to other morphologies, such as nanoplatelets (NPLs), 19 nanorods, 20 and nanosheets.…”