Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges

Abstract

ultrasonication methods, [22] solvothermal approaches, [23] microwave-assisted synthesis, [24] and mechanical grinding. [25] PNCs not only inherit perovskite properties, but also possess the features of nanomaterials, such as their size-confinement effect and ease of processing as a colloidal ink, making PNCs suitable for incorporation into various electronic devices and compatible with printing techniques. [19,26] Moreover, nanoscale perovskites exhibit superior phase stability, particularly for CsPbI 3 and FAPbI 3 , due to their lattice construction and large surface energy. [27,28] Compared with traditional II-VI and III-V semiconductor nanocrystals, PNCs also exhibit unique properties. [29-32] Firstly, facile synthesis with inexpensive precursors can be conducted at room temperature with PNCs without inert gas protection. PNCs also have a bandgap ranging from the ultraviolet to nearinfrared, through which they can be easily tuned by size management and composition adjustment. Furthermore, they exhibit narrow bandwidth emission (<100 meV) over the entire visible range. PNCs also exhibit a fluorescence quantum yield near unity without additional passivation due to the defect-tolerance effect. Finally, they also demonstrate negligible self-absorption and Förster resonance energy transfer. These remarkable characteristics make PNCs more favorable than their bulk counterparts and traditional semiconductor nanocrystals. Thus, PNCs have promising applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), [33] lasers, [34] photodetectors, [35,36] and solar cells. [28] In 2016, Luther et al. first used CsPbI 3 PNCs to fabricate solar cells using a layer-by-layer approach. [28] The solar cell exhibited an extremely high open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 1.23 V, which was ≈85% of the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limited V OC , and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.77%. This value was comparable to those of state-of-the-art PbS nanocrystal solar cells, [37] indicating the potential of PNC solar cells. To date, the highest PCE achieved by PNC solar cells has reached 17.39%. [38] Though PCEs have shown rapid, significant improvements, they are still limited compared to solar cells fabricated by bulk perovskite materials. Moreover, most studies on PNC solar cells have only been reported over the past two years. Research on PNC solar cells is still in its infancy, leaving substantial room for further improvement. Herein, we review the progress in the field of PNC solar cells. This review starts with detailing the unique advantages of PNCs. Next, we analyze current factors limiting their performance and Perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solar cells have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and unique advantages, which distinguish them from conventional nanocrystals and their bulk counterparts. This emerging type of photovoltaic is promising but faces many challenges regarding commercialization. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented on the recent progress and current ch...

In Situ Inkjet Printing Patterned Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Color Conversion Films by Using Cheap and Eco‐Friendly Aqueous Inks

“…[ 1–6 ] These excellent properties enable them to be potentially used in lighting, display, anti‐counterfeiting, sensor, and other optoelectronic devices. [ 7–12 ] For example, Li et al. combined CsPbBr 3 QDs with a red‐emitting K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ phosphor and a blue InGaN LED chip to construct a highly efficient white light‐emitting device with a wide color gamut of 129% of NTSC 1931.…”

Direct Optical Lithography of CsPbX3 Nanocrystals via Photoinduced Ligand Cleavage with Postpatterning Chemical Modification and Electronic Coupling

“…Colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have been intensely investigated due to their facile solution-phase syntheses, defect tolerance, and fascinating optoelectronic properties. − LHP NCs have been researched for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), − color conversion filters, lasers, − solar cells, , visible-light photodetectors, X-ray scintillators, , and quantum emitters . As the library of LHP NCs and perovskite-related nanomaterials continues to expand toward increased complexity, there is a need to develop methods for integrating LHP NCs in practical devices.…”

Core/Shell Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronic Applications

“…Hydrophobic parts of the CsPbBr 3 /poloxamer 127 nanocomposite interacted with long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of PEG ( 15)-hydroxystearates to protect CsPbBr 3 core, while the water-soluble PEG moieties provide aqueous solubility of the nanocomposite. The formed CsPbBr 3 /poloxamer 127/PEG- (15) hydroxystearate particles have a spherical shape with an average diameter of 55 nm and a narrow PL peak centered at 518 nm (FWHM = 19 nm). Moreover, the PEG shell provides protection against moisture and has low toxicity and reduced nonspecific biomolecule adsorption, making these perovskites potentially applicable for bioimaging.…”

“…[14] However, the issues of their intrinsic thermal instability and easy-degradation, when they are exposed to oxygen and/or humidity, need to be addressed to improve their environmental stability and shelf life. [15,16] Replacing MA or FA in the organic-inorganic halide perovskite NCs with Cs + was shown to produce all-inorganic perovskites with enhanced stability. [17][18][19] Moreover, various capping ligands, such as iminodibenzoic acid, trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), were also explored in an attempt to improve perovskite NC stability.…”