Metal Halide Perovskite Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation: Progress and Future Opportunities

Abstract

photocatalyst materials for its low cost, non-toxicity, and improved photochemical stability. But its large bandgap acts as a limiting factor for fruitful utilization of solar photons. Like TiO 2 , [1] the ABO 3 and AB 2 O 4 structure materials are large bandgap semiconductors that only act in the UV region. [2] Meanwhile, the family of other oxides materials such as ABO 4 , ABO 2 , Aurivillius oxides, and ternary chalcogenides is visible light absorptive materials. Still, their unsuitable band edge alignments make them inappropriate to catalyze important reactions, inherently limiting their use. [3] Therefore, the unsatisfactory photoreduction potential of these materials due to their large bandgap and rapid charge carrier recombination properties fuel an intense desire to design new semiconductor-based photocatalyst systems [4][5][6][7] with appropriate photo properties through novel materials exploration.Recently, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have become star performers in the global research platform. Their prominence started with the research mainly emphasizing photovoltaics and LEDs' applications and fundamental properties' investigations. Convinced with the versatile and unique properties of MHPs, their application has been extended in other novel and advanced technologies such as optical sensing, [8] X-ray detection, [9] lasing, [10] flash memory, [11] and various photocatalytic processes including organic contaminant degradation, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] CO 2 reduction, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] organic reactions, [38][39][40][41] etc. Particularly, MHP nanocrystals in photoredox organic synthesis such as CC, CO, and CN bond formations have been proved to be revolutionary in fundamental applications of material synthesis and drug development. [42][43][44] MHPs have beneficial features such as low-cost production, tunable bandgap, long diffusion lengths, high charge carrier mobility, easy solution synthesis methods, a desired charge transfer for redox reactions, and unusual defects tolerance, rendering them a potential candidate for photocatalytic applications. [45] The antibonding B-site (p) orbitals in the valence band and hybridized X (p)−B (s) orbital in conduction band offers optically tunable properties in MHP that provide MHPs the upper hand over conventional semiconductor photocatalysts. [46] However, bare semiconductor photocatalytic systems face major limitations, which hinder their applicability. One of the challenges is poor compatibility between the light response range and strong redox ability. The bandgap requirement Photocatalytic hydrogen generation paves a promising way to mitigate the global energy crisis and deteriorative environmental issues. Among different materials, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently emerged as a promising class of inexpensive and easy-to-make semiconductors for various photocatalytic applications such as organic contaminant degradation, CO 2 reduction, H 2 evolution, and N 2 fixation. Although...

Pb-free halide perovskites for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysts

“…The main requirements for a promising photocatalytic material are suitable band alignments and bandgaps, strong light absorption, high chemical stability, efficient charge carrier transport, and good operation in strong acidity and/or alkali environments. [211][212][213] Over the past few years, the potential of Pb-based halide perovskites has been investigated as a catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2 ) evolution, CO 2 reduction reaction, and various organic synthesis or chemical reactions. 212,214 The performance of a complete water splitting system can be evaluated by introducing the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency.…”

NaBr-Assisted Aqueous Synthesis of Perovskite-Embedded PbBr(OH) Hierarchical Nanostructures for Dye Photodegradation

“…Halide perovskite nanomaterials have shown promising optoelectronic applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers due to their exceptional optical and semiconducting properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, large carrier mobility, narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM), high light absorption coefficient, and tunable band gap. − Very recently, perovskite-based compounds have shown great potential in photocatalytic applications. − Various halide perovskites such as CsPbBr 3 , CsPbI 3 , methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ), formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr 3 ), Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 , etc. have been investigated as promising photocatalysts in hydrogen generation, − dye photodegradation, − photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, − and organic synthesis. − By employing MAPbI 3 and visible light, Nam and co-workers reported the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from hydroiodic acid . Xu et al investigated the CO 2 photocatalytic reduction toward CO formation using CsPbBr 3 as the photocatalyst .…”

Enhanced CO2 Reduction with Cs2AgBiBr6-gC3N4 Heterojunction Photocatalysts Prepared by Green Synthesis

“…Metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are a unique family of materials that have garnered attention due to their successful application in various photocatalytic applications such as hydrogen production, CO 2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, pollutant degradation, organic synthesis, and so forth. − This material can produce carbon-based value-added fuels and hydrocarbons that help to tackle global climate change and outgrowing energy demands. MHPs are suitable for photocatalytic applications due to their tunable band gap, high absorption coefficient, and high carrier mobility .…”