Metal gouging at low relative sliding velocities

Tarcza, Kenneth R.; Weldon, W.F.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(97)00003-3

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 1999, Stefani and Parker [6] conducted tests on C1100 rails with different armature materials. It was found that the gouging threshold velocity increased with the increment of hardness of armatures, meanwhile, the hardness of the harder materials H and the normal shock pressure P showed a linear correlation: P=0.073H+9.343.Tarczaet al [7]found that harder of rail materials can result in higher gouging threshold velocity with the same armature materials. AFIT found that the ratio of yield strength and density can be fitted with linear correlation with gouging threshold velocity.…”

Section: The Gouging Of Copper Alloys During Electromagnetic Launchingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Transient Damage Behaviors of Copper Alloys under High Velocity Sliding Electrical Contact

Zhang¹,

Guo²,

Huang³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 4th 2016 International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016)

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The transient damage problems of copper alloys are the central topic for improving the accuracy and lifetime of electromagnetic launcher. The research works on transient damage behaviors of copper alloys under high-speed sliding electrical contact during the past two decades were summarized in this paper and some suggestions for future research were presented. Firstly the three damage forms of copper alloys under high-velocity sliding electrical contact were introduced, respectively. Then the main technical methods that can solve the damage problems of copper alloys were presented. Finally some proposals for further study on transient damage behavior of copper alloys under sliding electrical contact were put forward.

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Section: The Gouging Of Copper Alloys During Electromagnetic Launchingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Transient Damage Behaviors of Copper Alloys under High Velocity Sliding Electrical Contact

Zhang¹,

Guo²,

Huang³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 4th 2016 International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016)

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“…The rail's electrical ablation is one of the most significant problems, needing to be solved urgently for rail catapult operation. The main reasons are that high temperature, large speed and high current lead to change the original smooth surface of the metal rail [7][8][9][10][11]. Seeking technology that can solve or improve the service life of electromagnetic catapult rails has become the key to whether electromagnetic rail catapult can be practically applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nickel–Phosphorus and Nickel–Molybdenum Coatings on Electrical Ablation of Small Electromagnetic Rails

et al. 2020

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The electromagnetic rail catapult is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy, which means that the strength of electrical energy directly affects the muzzle speed of armature. In addition, the electrical conductivity, electromagnetic rails and armature surface roughness, and the holding force of the rail are influencing factors that cannot be ignored. However, the electric ablation on the surface of the electromagnetic rails caused by high temperatures seriously affects the service life performance of the electromagnetic catapult system. In this study, electrochemically deposited nickel-phosphorus and nickel-molybdenum alloy coatings are plated on the surface of electromagnetic iron rails and their effects on the reduction of ablation are investigated. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) detector, XRD (X-ray diffraction), 3D optical profiler, and Vickers microhardness tester are used. Our results show that the sliding velocity of the armature decreases slightly with the increased roughness of the rail coating surface. On the other hand, the area of electric ablation on the rail surface is inversely related to the hardness of the rail material. The electrically ablated surface areas of the rails are in: annealed nickel–molybdenum < nickel–molybdenum < annealed nickel–phosphorus < nickel–phosphorus < iron material. Heat treatment at 400 and 500 °C, respectively for Ni–P and Ni–Mo alloys, significantly increases hardness due to the precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as Ni3P and Ni4Mo phases. Comprehensive data analysis shows that the annealed nickel–molybdenum coating has the best electrical ablation wear resistance. The possible reason for that might be attributed to the high hardness of the heat-treated nickel–molybdenum coating. In addition, the thermal resistance capability of molybdenum is better than that of phosphorus, which might also contribute to the high wear resistance to electric ablation.

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Research progress on advanced rail materials for electromagnetic railgun technology

Xie

Yang

et al. 2021

Defence Technology

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Metal gouging at low relative sliding velocities

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Development of Transient Damage Behaviors of Copper Alloys under High Velocity Sliding Electrical Contact

Development of Transient Damage Behaviors of Copper Alloys under High Velocity Sliding Electrical Contact

Effect of Nickel–Phosphorus and Nickel–Molybdenum Coatings on Electrical Ablation of Small Electromagnetic Rails

Research progress on advanced rail materials for electromagnetic railgun technology

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