Metal foams: a design guide

Ashby, Michael F.; Evans, Anthony; Fleck, N.A.; Gibson, Lorna; Hutchinson, John W.; Wadley, Hayden N.G

doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(01)00049-8

Cited by 981 publications

(1,653 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,524

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The records are comparable to results from metallic foams having similar relative densities [9,10]. In all the cases the elastic modulus measured from the unloading-reloading cycle was close to 50 GPa, which is in the expected range according to theoretical models in literature [1]. Comparing the curves in Figure 7 and the results of relative density calculations from Table 3 it is also possible to see that, even for steel foams having the same relative density, the increasing on the porosity of the filters used as space holders promoted and increasing in the mechanical resistance of the foam.…”

Section: Compression Testingsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…That makes these materials very attractive both for structural and functional applications [1,2]. Cellular metals are now produced by several processes, including molten metal infiltration of a leachable bed of solid particles, also known as space holder [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these features they represent a suitable opportunity for the production of several components, i.e. elements to be inserted in sandwich systems, vibration damping components, filters, substrates for catalytic reactions, electrodes, porous media for biomedical applications, heat exchanging elements, etc [1,4]. Dual phase steels are much used in the automotive field, for example in seats, bumpers and in reinforced shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Processing and characterization of dual phase steel foam

Gruttadauria

Mombelli

Castrodeza³

et al. 2010

Matéria (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porous materials featuring cellular structures are known to have many interesting combinations of physical and mechanical properties. Some of them have been extensively used in the transportation field (i.e. balsa wood). Steel foams presented promising theoretical properties for both functional and structural applications in transportation, but processing of such a kind of foams is complex due to their high melting point. Recently a technique for processing Cu-based alloys open-cell foams through the molten metal infiltration of a leachable bed of amorphous SiO 2 particles was proposed. A variation of the proposed technique that uses SiC particles as space holder is now presented and was recently successfully applied for dual phase steel foam processing. Results from a processing of dual phase DP500 steel foams, including some morphological, micro-structural and mechanical characterization, are here presented.Keywords: Dual phase steel, cellular metals, metal foams, silicon carbide. INTRODUCTIONBased on their particular morphology, cellular metals and alloys offer an interesting mix of physical-chemical and mechanical properties. That makes these materials very attractive both for structural and functional applications [1,2]. Cellular metals are now produced by several processes, including molten metal infiltration of a leachable bed of solid particles, also known as space holder [3,4]. A recent work introduced the use of amorphous SiO 2 (silica-gel) beads as space holder for open-cell Cu-based foam processing through molten metal infiltration [5]. Once infiltrated, SiO 2 particles are dissolved by a wet solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF). Unfortunately this technique is not applicable for processing of steel foams, mainly due to the high melting point of steels (~1500 ºC). For overcoming this limitation it is proposed to use beta-SiC as space holder. SiC can withstand the infiltration efforts till 1800 ºC without problems and can be also dissolved by aqueous HF. On the other hand, the chemical stability of SiC at such temperatures diminishes the possibility of interaction among the molten metal and the space holder. Following this route highly homogeneous dual-phase steel foams featuring opened cell structure were processed. The proposed methodology is based on cheap commercial consumables and simple technology, focusing on low cost foams with interesting cost/benefit ratios. Based on the acquired scientific literature the proposed route represents the first attempt for applying SiC as space holder for steel foam processing.Open-celled metal foams typically show low density, high surface vs. volume ratio, low stiffness and permeability to fluid flow [2,3]. Based on these features they represent a suitable opportunity for the production of several components, i.e. elements to be inserted in sandwich systems, vibration damping components, filters, substrates for catalytic reactions, electrodes, porous media for biomedical applications, heat exchanging elements, etc [1,4]. Dual phase steels are much used i...

show abstract

Section: Compression Testingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Processing and characterization of dual phase steel foam

Gruttadauria

Mombelli

Castrodeza³

et al. 2010

Matéria (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Steel foam is porous steel, with intentionally introduced voids varying in size from nano-to millimeters. Porosity of steel foam can be controlled, and since it affects mechanical properties of the material, Young's modulus and yield stress can be tuned for specific needs by adjusting the foam porosity [2]. Mutlu et al [3] reported successful manufacturing of Cr-Si-Ni-Mo based steel foams, and Hsu et al produced Ti-7.5Mo alloy metallic foam [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties and modeling of a sintered hollow sphere steel foam

Szyniszewski

Smith

Hajjar

et al. 2014

Materials & Design (1980-2015)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Polymeric foams are used in cushions, packing and structural materials [20]. Glass, ceramic and metal foams [22] can also be made. Recent research in foams has centered on three topics which are often treated separately, but are, in fact, interdependent: drainage, coarsening and rheology.…”

Section: G Gmentioning

confidence: 99%