Abstract:Long-term inhalation of welding fume at high exposure can cause welder’s pneumoconiosis, and metals in welding dust are associated with respiratory dysfunction. This cross-sectional study, which contains 384 Chinese male workers who were or had been working in a container factory, aimed to assess the potential risk of haemal and urinary metal content in welder’s pneumoconiosis. Further, we investigated their effects on lung function parameters. Metal content and lung function were measured using inductively co… Show more
“…In a study conducted with Zhou et al, there were a signi cant association between lung function indices in the welder's pneumoconiosis and ambient concentration of metals. The results also showed that Cr and Zn had an important role in welder's pneumoconiosis (Zhou et al 2022b). So, it is clearly evident that the increase of fumes in the ambient air of welding is a main health threat.…”
Section: The Concentration Of Welding Fumesmentioning
Welding fumes have an important role to create the adverse health effects. So, the aim of this study was to use of multiple occupational health risk assessment models for metal fumes in welding process.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among welding workers. Sampling of heavy metals such as Sn, Zn, Al, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, and As was provided based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 7300 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Risk assessment was managed by four methods including Malaysia's method, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials (COSHH model), Chinese OHRA standard (GBZ/T 298-2017) and EPA method. Also, Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the uncertainties in EPA method by using the Crystal Ball tool. To compare the models, the risk levels of each model were converted into the risk ratio and SPSS 22.0 software was used to the statistical analysis. The consistency of the two occupational health risk assessment models was examined by Cohen's Kappa.
Risk ration was the highest level for Cr (VI) fumes in all models. Also, carcinogenic risk was unacceptable for all examined fumes. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risk was the highest (HI>1) for As fumes. Mont Carlo simulationssuggested that exposure time (ET) had a significant effect on the risk. Also, there was a good consistency between Malaysia method/ GBZ/T 298-2017 and COSHH model/GBZ/T 298-2017.
Therefore, it is recommended that the engineering and administrative controls should be provided to reduce exposure.
“…In a study conducted with Zhou et al, there were a signi cant association between lung function indices in the welder's pneumoconiosis and ambient concentration of metals. The results also showed that Cr and Zn had an important role in welder's pneumoconiosis (Zhou et al 2022b). So, it is clearly evident that the increase of fumes in the ambient air of welding is a main health threat.…”
Section: The Concentration Of Welding Fumesmentioning
Welding fumes have an important role to create the adverse health effects. So, the aim of this study was to use of multiple occupational health risk assessment models for metal fumes in welding process.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among welding workers. Sampling of heavy metals such as Sn, Zn, Al, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, and As was provided based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 7300 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Risk assessment was managed by four methods including Malaysia's method, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials (COSHH model), Chinese OHRA standard (GBZ/T 298-2017) and EPA method. Also, Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the uncertainties in EPA method by using the Crystal Ball tool. To compare the models, the risk levels of each model were converted into the risk ratio and SPSS 22.0 software was used to the statistical analysis. The consistency of the two occupational health risk assessment models was examined by Cohen's Kappa.
Risk ration was the highest level for Cr (VI) fumes in all models. Also, carcinogenic risk was unacceptable for all examined fumes. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risk was the highest (HI>1) for As fumes. Mont Carlo simulationssuggested that exposure time (ET) had a significant effect on the risk. Also, there was a good consistency between Malaysia method/ GBZ/T 298-2017 and COSHH model/GBZ/T 298-2017.
Therefore, it is recommended that the engineering and administrative controls should be provided to reduce exposure.
“…One study found that cough and phlegm symptoms were more likely to be related to an obstructive pattern than wheeze or phlegm 60) . Notwithstanding, another respiratory study found that automotive welders have a restrictive lung pattern 61) . This is because one of the things that can cause abnormal lung patterns in workers (either obstructive or restrictive) is how they work and what they are exposed to at work.…”
The role of the questionnaire in epidemiological and public health studies has received increased attention across a number of disciplines. In a respiratory study, the progress of research in cross-cultural settings is reflected in the systematic application of clinical and research data collection that is quantifiable and reliable. However, one of the main obstacles is language. To date, there has been no reported evidence pertaining to the translation of the respiratory symptoms questionnaire into Malay, the national and most widely used language in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper presents a translation method for ATS-DLD-78A, the respiratory symptoms questionnaire, into the Malay language using a forward-backwards translation approach. This pilot study was conducted to validate a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in a Malaysian welder population. A total of 28 welders were enrolled in this pilot study. The internal reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.812, which is high and considered good. All other correlations using Pearson are significant, indicating that the concepts measured by the items and the translated questionnaire were valid and clearly understood by the participants. This will greatly contribute to the field of a respiratory epidemiological study in Malaysia.
“…asthma or chronic bronchitis) (1). In a case report from 2022, Cha E.-W. et al described the situation of a 54 year-old man, presenting multiple episodes of severe MMF aggravated by chemical pneumonitis induced by the inhalation of zinc-oxide fumes, after arc welding galvanized steel in a poorly ventilated area (13).…”
Welding processes generate significant occupational contaminants, including particulate matter, metal fumes, and gas by-products. Exposure to these fumes can lead to various health issues in welders. This article emphasizes the need for preventive measures to improve the health of welders and reduce the risks associated with welding.The study explores the impact of welding fumes on the respiratory system and occupational lung disease. It identifies the inhalation of welding fumes as a significant risk factor for lung disease, and the need for clear limitations on welding fume exposure. The research also highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying lung conditions caused by welding fumes. The study concludes by including 30 citations from several databases (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, MDPI and AcademiaEdu) to raise awareness and establish a scientific link between welding fumes and oral health and teeth structure. The inhalation of welding fumes can significantly impact the respiratory system, causing concerns about safety measures and guidelines for welding environments. Exposure to harmful substances like welding fumes can also affect the oral cavity, a part of both digestive and respiratory system, and therefore, the impact on teeth hard structures claims further scientific investigations.
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