Metal Emissions from Brake Linings and Tires: Case Studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995/1998 and 2005

Hjortenkrans, David; Bergbäck, Bo; Häggerud, Agneta

doi:10.1021/es070198o

Cited by 372 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[56][57][58] Extraction procedures similar to the ones described for soils have been applied to a limited extent to airborne particulate matter. [59,60] The operational character of such methods, and the limitations implied, remain the same as those discussed for other solid matrices.…”

Section: Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns

2009

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Environmental context. Antimony first attracted public attention in the mid-1990s amid claims that it was involved in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. A substantial number of papers have now been published on the element and its behaviour in the natural environment. However, many key aspects of the environmental chemistry of antimony remain poorly understood. These include critical areas such as its ecotoxicology, its global cycling through different environmental compartments, and what chemical form it takes in different environments. More focussed research would help the situation. The present review highlights several areas of environmental antimony chemistry that urgently need to be addressed.Abstract. The objective of the present article is to present a critical overview of issues related to the current state of knowledge on the behaviour of antimony in the environment. It makes no attempt to systematically review all published data. However, it does provide a list of the main published reviews on antimony and identifies subjects where systematic reviews are needed. Areas where our knowledge is strong -and the corresponding gaps -in subjects ranging from total concentrations and speciation in the various environmental compartments, to ecotoxicity, to cycling between compartments, are discussed, along with the underlying research. Determining total antimony no longer poses a problem for most environmental samples but speciation measurements remain challenging throughout the process, from sampling to analysis. This means that the analytical tools still need to be improved but experience shows that, to be useful in practice, this should be directly driven by the requirements of laboratory and field measurements. Many different issues can be identified where further research is required, both in the laboratory and in the field, the most urgently needed studies probably being: (i) long-term spatial and temporal studies in the different environmental compartments in order to collect the data needed to establish a global biogeochemical cycle; (ii) laboratory studies of antimony interactions with potential natural binders; (iii) reliable ecotoxicological studies. Montserrat Filella is a chemist and teaches Environmental Chemistry at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Her main research interests focus on the understanding of the physicochemical processes regulating the behaviour of chemical components in environmental and biological compartments, mainly by combining computer modelling with field and laboratory measurements. The three main axes of her research concern the study of: colloids in natural waters, natural organic matter (quantification and interaction with trace elements) and Group 15 elements. She is also interested in other topics

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Section: Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns

2009

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“…The highly elevated Cu levels in the vehicle were similar to findings from Riediker et al (2003), which found elevated levels of a number of elements, particularly Cu and soil elements, in police patrol vehicles. Brake wear from vehicles is the likely source of Cu and Zn in the vehicle, as materials containing these elements have been incorporated into brake linings to replace asbestos (Hjortenkrans et al, 2007), whereas Zn also may be related to wear of tires (Legret and Pagotto, 1999). Riediker et al (2003) suggest that elevated soil elements in the vehicle, including Al, Ca, K and Ti, were likely from gasoline combustion and Fe from vehicle wear, but resuspension of road dust and erosion of roadway material are other potential sources as well.…”

Section: Me-ambient Ratios For Pm 25 Ec Oc and Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of PM2.5 mass and components in residential and non-residential indoor microenvironments: The Sources and Composition of Particulate Exposures study

Brown

Sarnat

Koutrakis

2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Although short in duration, air pollutant exposures occurring in non-residential microenvironments (MEs), including restaurants, vehicles and commercial locations, can represent a large fraction of total personal exposures. For the Sources and Composition of Particulate Exposures study, a novel compact sampling system was developed, facilitating simultaneous measurement of highly speciated PM 2.5 mass in a range of commercial and residential locations. This sampler also included 1-min measurements of PM 2.5 mass and ultrafine particle (UFP) counts. Sampling was conducted in a number of MEs (retail stores, restaurants and vehicles) throughout Atlanta. Chemically resolved particulate measurements in these locations are of interest for both exposure scientists and epidemiologists but have typically not been conducted because of logistical constraints associated with sampling these trace constituents. We present measurements from a non-random sample of locations that are limited in their generalizability but provide several promising hypothesis-generating results. PM 2.5 mass concentrations greater than 100 mg/m 3 , and UFPs410 5 particles /cm 3 were measured during several events in the restaurant and vehicle. Somewhat unexpectedly, the grocery store ME, along with the restaurant and vehicle, also had the highest levels of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and most elements. In-vehicle concentrations of soil-related elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K and Ti) and auto-related elements (EC, OC, Zn and Cu) were higher than those measured at a central ambient site. The lowest concentrations for most pollutants were found in the hospital and retail locations. It is questionable whether periodic, high PM concentrations in the grocery store and restaurant pose health risks for customers; however, individuals working in these locations may be exposed to levels of concern.

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“…Particles containing heavy metals such as Cd are released from vehicle tires and the burning of vehicle fuels (Chen et al, 2010), whereas the release of Zn may result from tire abrasion and lubricating oils (Adachi and Tainosho, 2004). Brake linings are one of the main sources of Cu (Adachi and Tainosho, 2004;Hjortenkrans et al, 2007); Pb is emitted from leaded fuels (Van Bohemen and Van De Laak, 2003) and Cr predominantly originates from oil residues and the abrasion of brake pads and tires (Zehetner et al, 2009). These particles are deposited into soils through dry and wet deposition, splashing and runoff (Werkenthin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of traffic-related metals and the effects of different environments on their enrichment in roadside soils along the Qinghai–Tibet highway

Zhang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

135

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• Cr, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in soils along the highway are related to the traffic.• There are three distribution patterns of the traffic-related metals in soils.• Regional differences had significant relationship with the enrichment levels.• Cd was the prior metal and the TTH was the key area for soil environment monitoring. The road transportation could affect roadside soils environment detrimentally, including heavy metal enrichment. In order to identify and evaluate the enrichment of heavy metals resulted from road transportation on the Tibetan Plateau, the 11 heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Rb, Pb and Tl) in the topsoil (0-10 cm depth) from four sites along the Qinghai-Tibet highway were discussed in this study. Our results indicate that heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb are related to road transportation. The content of most of these heavy metals in roadside soils decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, as did some of the Nemero Synthesis Indexes (PN values). The contamination factor for the traffic-related metals ranged from 0.56 (no pollution) to 5.67 (considerable pollution) and the Nemero Synthesis Indexes of these heavy metals ranged from 0.80 (no pollution) to 4.49 (severe pollution). Cd was of priority concern as it had the highest contamination factor. The highest PN value for these traffic-related heavy metals was found in soils at site TTH (alpine steppe). Although transportation contributed to the high contents of these traffic-related metals in roadside environments, regional differences such as wind and the terrain also had significant relationship with their enrichment in these roadside soils. The roadside distance at which there is a potential risk to livestock and wildlife from the contamination of soils by heavy metals should be determined scientifically along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, based on the different natural environments found in the region. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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Metal Emissions from Brake Linings and Tires: Case Studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995/1998 and 2005

Cited by 372 publications

References 11 publications

Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns

Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns

Concentrations of PM2.5 mass and components in residential and non-residential indoor microenvironments: The Sources and Composition of Particulate Exposures study

Identification of traffic-related metals and the effects of different environments on their enrichment in roadside soils along the Qinghai–Tibet highway

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