"Metal elements and pesticides as risk factors for Parkinson's disease - A review"

Ullah, Inam; Zhao, Longhe; Yang, Hai Tao; Muhammad, Fahim; Alwayli, Dhafer; Wang, Xin; Li, Hongyu

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.009

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Metal ions, especially heavy metals, are not easily metabolized and, therefore, accumulate in organs resulting in tissue damage and increasing disease vulnerability over time [ 129 , 130 ]. As a result, the accurate detection of metal ions in the environment or tissues is urgently needed as a prelude to environmental remediation [ 131 ] or clinical intervention strategies [ 28 , 132 ].…”

Section: Nanozymes and Their Potential Applications In Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanozymes—Hitting the Biosensing “Target”

Darland

Zhao

2021

Sensors

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Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.

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Section: Nanozymes and Their Potential Applications In Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanozymes—Hitting the Biosensing “Target”

Darland

Zhao

2021

Sensors

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“…But the complete series of steps leading to this cell death is still vague, and the underlying causes remain one of medicine’s greatest mysteries Worldwide occurrence. According to the 2016 Dorsey and GBD Collaborators Study—[ 212 ] published in 2018, 6·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5·0 -7·3) individuals had Parkinson's disease globally, compared with 2·5 million (2·0—3·0) in 1990; Geographical variation ( cf ., latitude) plays key role in dementia risk (e.g., Russ et al—[ 52 ] High concentrations of Al and low levels of Mg observed in the pathogenesis of CNS (central nervous system) degeneration and PD—[ 213 ]; Association with metal and trace element concentration in urine, serum, whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid—[ 214 – 218 ]; Very high or very low levels of Se—[ 219 ] Combination of Mo deficiency and purine ingestion—[ 220 ] Significant association between the PD mortality rates and soil concentrations of Se, Sr, and Mg—[ 221 – 223 ]; Elevated trace metals (namely, Cu, Zn, Mg and Fe) found, compared to controls (ρ < 0.001) in Nigerian Parkinson’s Disease patients—[ 224 ] Existence of seasonality (related to temperature) in Parkinson's disease symptoms—[ 225 ]; Improvement of PD symptoms at high altitude—[ 226 , 227 ]; Several risk factors in development of PD at high altitude—[ 228 ] Regional maps depicting correlations between the distribution (clusters) of PD and soil geochemistry which would be helpful in this aetiological debate; but are very rare in the published literature (See an example in: Sun—[ 221 ] for PD distribution in the United States) To date, according to Ullah et al—[ 229 ], the fundamental molecular mechanisms of PD aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, with a number of epidemiological studies implicating metal toxicity in the diseases’ pathogenesis via several potential mechanisms. In many instances, the metal equilibrium is thought to be disturbed, leading to deleterious effect on the entire body including the brain 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, according to Ullah et al—[ 229 ], the fundamental molecular mechanisms of PD aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, with a number of epidemiological studies implicating metal toxicity in the diseases’ pathogenesis via several potential mechanisms. In many instances, the metal equilibrium is thought to be disturbed, leading to deleterious effect on the entire body including the brain…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology

Davies

2022

SN Appl. Sci.

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The term diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) or idiopathic diseases is used to describe diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental co-factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into humans, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as co-factors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in the immune system may engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA. Article highlights The importance of a proper understanding of geochemical perturbations in human metabolisms is emphasised It is proferred that such an understanding would aid greatly in the decipherment of diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) The thesis presented may pave the way towards better diagnosis and therapy of DUA

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“…Mn accumulation in humans can cause central nervous system disorder. Fe is implicated in reactive oxygen species generation, causing cell dysfunction and finally cell death ( Ullah et al., 2021 ). Cr exerts carcinogenic effects through mutagenesis ( Wallace and Djordjevic, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri

Ikem

Ayodeji

Wetzel

2021

Heliyon

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Farmed crustaceans are an important component in addressing the rising animal protein demand. The present study determined the concentrations of fourteen elements (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Pb, and Zn) in the edible abdominal muscle of cultured freshwater crayfish species ( Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus ) from Missouri. Also, this paper describes the dietary intake and the human health risks from the consumption of crayfish muscle in the adult population. Overall, 172 animals were captured between February 2017 and January 2018 for assessment. Concentrations of metals (Ag, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Mo, and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the muscle tissue were determined after microwave-assisted acid digestion by ICP - OES. Health indices (EDI/EWI: estimated daily/weekly intakes; THQ: target hazard quotient; TTHQ: total target hazard quotient; ILCR: incremental lifetime cancer risk; and ∑ILCR: cumulative lifetime cancer risk) were calculated and compared to thresholds. Of all samples, the highest concentrations (mg kg −1 wet weight) of metal(loid)s in muscle were Ag (0.11), As (3.15), Be (0.21), Cd (0.11), Co (0.32), Cr (1.22), Cu (107), Fe (23.0), Mn (8.54), Mo (0.62), Ni (2.65), Pb (1.76), Sn (5.91), and Zn (19.2). In both species, the average As, Cd, and Zn concentrations were below the legal limits. However, the levels of Cu, Pb, and As, in some samples, were in exceedance of the maximum levels. In both species, a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the carapace length (CL) and animal body weight (BW). In P. acutus , CL, BW, and animal total length were homogenous (p > 0.05) among the sexes. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of As, Be, and Zn in F. virilis , and Be and Cr in P. a. acutus among the genders. Significant inter-species differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the levels of Be, Ni, and Pb and the growth factors. The EDI/EWI values were below the permissible limits. THQ and TTHQ values, being below 1.0, indicated no probabilistic health risk. Regarding carcinogenic risk, only As and Ni indicated cancer risk (ILCR >10 −5 and ∑ILCR >10 −5 ) to the adult population. High metals/metalloid exposure from crayfish muscle consumption posed potential health hazards to the adult population.

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"Metal elements and pesticides as risk factors for Parkinson's disease - A review"

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 43 publications

References 208 publications

Nanozymes—Hitting the Biosensing “Target”

Nanozymes—Hitting the Biosensing “Target”

The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology

Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri

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