Metal-doped and hybrid carbon dots: A comprehensive review on their synthesis and biomedical applications

Tejwan, Neeraj; Saini, Adesh K.; Sharma, Anirudh; Singh, Th. Abhishek; Kumar, Nitin; Das, Joydeep

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.023

Cited by 138 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Unlike hydrothermal synthesis, the solvothermal method involves a variety of solvents other than water [ 54 , 104 ]. Wang et al [ 78 ] prepared ethanol-papaya CDs (E-CDs) and water-papaya CDs (W-CDs), respectively.…”

Section: Synthetic Methods Of Hm-cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface state is considered to be the primary factor [ 4 ]. Heteroatom doping (mainly N dopping [ 51 ], S dopping [ 52 ], B dopping [ 53 ], metal dopping [ 54 ]) becomes an effective way to adjust the fluorescent properties of CDs [ 55 , 56 ]. The synergistic effects between various heteroatoms lead to more surface defects, reduce nonradiative recombination, thus improve their fluorescence intensity (e.g., B, S, N doped-CDs [ 57 ], N, P doped-CDs [ 58 ]and N, S doped-CDs [ 59 ]).…”

Section: Herbal Medicine For Hm-cds Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing

et al. 2021

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Since the number of raw material selections for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) has grown extensively, herbal medicine as a precursor receives an increasing amount of attention. Compared with other biomass precursors, CDs derived from herbal medicine (HM-CDs) have become the most recent incomer in the family of CDs. In recent ten years, a great many studies have revealed that HM-CDs tend to be good at theranostics without drug loading. However, the relevant development and research results are not systematically reviewed. Herein, the origin and history of HM-CDs are outlined, especially their functional performances in medical diagnosis and treatment. Besides, we sort out the herbal medicine precursors, and analyze the primary synthetic methods and the key characteristics. In terms of the applications of HM-CDs, medical therapeutics, ion and molecular detection, bioimaging, as well as pH sensing are summarized. Finally, we discuss the crucial challenges and future prospects.

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Section: Synthetic Methods Of Hm-cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herbal Medicine For Hm-cds Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing

et al. 2021

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“…[23][24][25][26] Meanwhile, ultrasonication represents a gentler method compared with microwave irradiation or hydrothermal/solvothermal approaches, although examples of this technique are rare. 27 For example, Zhou et al reported a unique type of excitation-independent yellow-emissive CDs (Y-CDs) with citric acid and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) applied as precursors. 28 Moreover, it was also reported by Ajmal et al to produce CDs from glucose through probe sonication.…”

Section: Carbon Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots: A Future Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanomedicine and Drug Nanocarrier

Zhang

Sigdel

Mintz

et al. 2021

IJN

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Drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine due to the BBB’s highly semipermeable property that limits most therapeutic agents of brain diseases to enter the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, nanoparticles, especially carbon dots (CDs), exhibit many unprecedented applications for drug delivery. Several types of CDs and CD-ligand conjugates have been reported successfully penetrating the BBB, which shows a promising progress in the application of CD-based drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of CNS diseases. In this review, our discussion of CDs includes their classification, preparations, structures, properties, and applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and brain tumor. Moreover, abundant functional groups on the surface, especially amine and carboxyl groups, allow CDs to conjugate with diverse drugs as versatile drug nanocarriers. In addition, structure of the BBB is briefly described, and mechanisms for transporting various molecules across the BBB and other biological barriers are elucidated. Most importantly, recent developments in drug delivery with CDs as BBB-penetrating nanodrugs and drug nanocarriers to target CNS diseases especially Alzheimer’s disease and brain tumor are summarized. Eventually, future prospects of the CD-based DDS are discussed in combination with the development of artificial intelligence and nanorobots.

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“…[50] Synthesis of CDs can be accomplished by several methods including Hydrothermal/ solvothermal, microwave-assisted polymerization, pyrolysis, and carbonization. [51] The above-mentioned methods have several advantages as described in Figure 4. [50] Owing to their exceptional attributes including biocompatibility, water-solubility, facile fabrication, photoluminescence, and designable surface functionalities, carbon nanodots have recently gained tremendous importance in agriculture sectors to accelerate the growth, production, and development of plants.…”

Section: Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides: An Overview

Okey-Onyesolu

Hassanisaadi²,

Bilal

et al. 2021

ChemistrySelect

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Nanotechnology has acquired increasing interest recently in agriculture and crop production for achieving proficient utilization of resources by developing nanodelivery systems for agrochemical products or sensors (for nutrient status or water). The development of new nanofertilizers provides a promising opportunity to improve plant mineral nutrition. According to the reports, nanostructured materials are more efficient than traditional fertilizers, with a site-specific and controlled release of nutrients that not only increased the efficacy of plant uptake but also reduced negative environmental effects due to the loss of nutrients into the environmental matrices. In this section, we illustrate various kinds of novel nanostructured materials as promising carriers for nutrients such as nanoclays, carbon nanodots, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and polymeric nanoparticles. Also, the impact of nanomaterials on pesticides is discussed. They play a great contribution to enhancing agricultural productivity involving for gradual release and proper pesticide dosage to aid pest control. Different nanomaterials used are discussed contributing to the reduction of the exposure of humans to pesticides.

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Metal-doped and hybrid carbon dots: A comprehensive review on their synthesis and biomedical applications

Cited by 138 publications

References 61 publications

Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing

Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing

Carbon Dots: A Future Blood–Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanomedicine and Drug Nanocarrier

Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides: An Overview

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