Metal coordination complexes in nonaqueous redox flow batteries

Characterisation of the ferrocene/ferrocenium ion redox couple as a model chemistry for non-aqueous redox flow battery research

“…The application of NA electrolytes also offers a larger design space for redox material exploration and development such that many redox materials which are incompatible with water can be applied. Numerous metal-coordination compounds (MCCs) [10] and redoxactive organic molecules (ROMs) [11] have been applied thus far and have demonstrated excellent properties. Most noteworthy, several symmetric NA RFBs based upon MCCs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and ROMs [21][22][23][24][25] have been demonstrated which mitigate crossover limitations, akin to the VRFB.…”

A Comparative Review of Metal‐Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries

“…[10] Subsequently more targeted reviews have appeared, focusing specifically on organic carriers [11] with a most updated look in this journal. [7] The subfield of metal-based redox carriers has been examined partially elsewhere; [12] however, no comprehensive attempt has been made. As such we will focus on recent progress on the chemical components in non-hybrid RFBs using nonaqueous media.…”

Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecules in Non‐Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges

“…This is possible by adding a metal center to the organic ligands of the complex, forming a metal coordination complex (MCC). [41] While it is beyond the scope of this paper to explore the effects of the metal centers applied for MCCs in OÀ NRFBs, it is important to note that the choice of metal center significantly impacts the electrochemistry of MCCs. [42] As such, these organic complexes can be strategically engineered to enhance properties such as viscosity, ohmic resistance, and solubility.…”

“…In conclusion, although BRM 8 demonstrated superior capacity retention at a wide range of temperatures, its low solubility needs to be addressed. This is possible by adding a metal center to the organic ligands of the complex, forming a metal coordination complex (MCC) [41] . While it is beyond the scope of this paper to explore the effects of the metal centers applied for MCCs in O−NRFBs, it is important to note that the choice of metal center significantly impacts the electrochemistry of MCCs [42] .…”