Metal Content of Twenty-Four Petroleums.

Contents of Various Elements in the Organs of Seabirds Killed by an Oil Spill around Tsushima Island, Japan

“…The concentrations of the elements in the present sample (found dead or died after rescue) were comparable to those reported in normal birds [5-8, 10, 14]. Reportedly, crude oil generally contains V, Ni and Fe in the range of several to tens of ppm [1], and it is well known that the several elements such as Cd, Cu and mercury, in birds that live on the open ocean Fig. 1.…”

“…Furthermore, various substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [12], have been used as indicators of oil contamination in wild birds. However, there are few reports describing the degree of contamination by elements, although it is well known that oil contains various elements [1,9]. It is thought that various characteristics differ in birds found dead after oil contamination and birds that have been rescued.…”

Crude Petroleum

“…These petroporphyrins (see Chapter 19) may perhaps be related to the plant chlorophylls like those produced by photosynthetic Chlorobium bacteria [163]. They are encountered principally as their vanadyl and nickel complexes [16,164], are quite stable, and are found in petroleum distillates boiling above 500° C. Carboxylated porphyrins have been reported in petroleum [165,166] but the metal porphyrins of the deoxophyllo-and etio-series appear to be the principal petroporphyrins, whose concentration in petroleum may range from 1 to 1,000 ppm. Several authors [167,168] have suggested that the transition of naturally occurring pigments in extreme reducing conditions, where metal-exchange, decarboxylation and hydrogenation reactions occur, eventually yield the stable metalloporphyrins found in fossil fuels.…”

Determination of Trace Elements in the Tamsagbulag and Tagaan Els crude oils and Their Distillation Fractions Using by ICP-OES

“…Crude oil represents a complex mixture containing both organic and inorganic chemical species, being trace metals one group the inorganic components present in this type of matrix [1][2][3]. Information on trace element concentrations in crude oil is getting increasingly important for the geochemical characterization of source rocks and basins and also to allow corrective actions during crude oil processing [4].…”