Metal Content and Structure of Textiles in Textile Metal Threads in Croatia from 17th to 20th Century

Šimić, Kristina; Soljačić, Ivo; Mudronja, Domagoj; Leš, Tihana Petrović

doi:10.3390/ma15010251

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The modern physico-chemical investigation of ancient artifacts allows advanced material characterization, which is necessary for historians to certify important aspects regarding the past [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Crystalline phases and chemical bond identification within organic molecules of ancient materials are useful to confirm or to infirm historians’ suppositions relating to various aspects involved in archeological excavations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

et al. 2023

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Methods for material investigation are powerful tools that allow specialists to elucidate important aspects regarding ancient artifacts such as the Roman amphorae deposits discovered at Potaissa Fortress in Turda, Romania. Archeological debate states that the deposit contained olive oil and wine amphorae, but no material evidence has been presented until now. The current research is focused on the most representative large amphora fragments found in the Potaissa deposit, with a significant amount of sediment on their walls, to give archeologists the material proof to elucidate their debate. Sediment was collected from each fragment and subjected to complex analysis. XRD investigation combined with cross-polarized light microscopy demonstrated mineral particles such as quartz, clay (muscovite and traces of biotite), and calcite. Quartz and calcite particles have a rounded shape and diameters in a range of 20–200 µm, and clay particles have a lamellar shape and dimensions from 1 to 20 µm, a fact confirmed by SEM microscopy. Sample 2 presented a large amount of amorphous phase followed by Samples 1 and 3, with a low amount of organic phase. FTIR investigation confirms organic phase presence owing to strong absorption bands regarding C-H, C=O, and O-H chemical bonds related to aliphatic compounds in Sample 2, and to some decayed wine residue in Samples 1 and 3. EDS elemental analysis was used for organic particle identification in the amphora sediments and to obtain a correlation with their microstructure. GC–MS investigation showed volatile compounds related to wine residue for Samples 1 and 3 and decomposed fats for Sample 2. Tartaric and malic acid were identified by HPLC in Samples 1 and 3, which are wine biomarkers. The correlation of all experimental results concludes with no doubt that Amphora 2 contained olive oil and Amphorae 1 and 3 contained wine in ancient times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

et al. 2023

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“…SEM-EDS is an especially productive method for investigating metal threads from different periods and cultures. It is often used to assess the structural features and metal composition, characterize the substrate metal, and analyze surface layers such as gilding [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Techniques for the Study of Burial Clothes of Polish King Sigismund III Vasa (1566–1633) and His Wife Constance Habsburg (1588–1631)

Śliwka-Kaszyńska,

Cybulska,

Drążkowska

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The subjects of this research are the burial clothes of Polish King Sigismund III Vasa and his wife Constance, which were woven and embroidered with silk and metal threads. Fragments of the textiles underwent spectroscopic, spectrometric, and thermogravimetric analyses. The hydrofluoric acid extraction method was improved to isolate various classes of dyes from the textile samples that had direct contact with human remains. High-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array and tandem mass spectrometry detectors with electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) facilitated the detection and identification of colorants present in the textiles. Cochineal, indigo-, madder-, orchil-, and tannin-producing plants were identified as the sources of dyes used. Scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) was employed to identify and characterize the silk fibers and mordants and the metal threads. The presence of iron, aluminum, sodium, and calcium in the silk threads suggests their potential use as mordants. The analysis of the metal threads revealed that most of them were made from flattened gilded silver wire, with only a few being cut from a sheet of metal. Typical degradation mechanisms of metal threads were shown, resulting from both burial environment and earlier manufacturing process, and the use of the textiles in clothing, i.e., a significant loss of the gold layer was observed in most of silver gilt threads, caused by abrasion and delamination. The results of the thermal analysis confirmed the presence of silk and silver threads in the examined textiles.

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“…Materials science-based research is required to fulfil this purpose. The recent literature reports modern material investigation techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and SEM-EDX, which have beenemployed to reveal the hidden secrets of metallic parts of medieval artefacts such as metallic parts within medieval clothes [ 14 ] and metallic fibres within burial robes from medieval crypts [ 15 ], and to investigate the surface alteration of metallic artefacts exposed to a closed environment [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Depreciation in 3-Polker Coins Issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa King of Poland

Petean

Paltinean

Pripon³

et al. 2022

Materials

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The present research is focused on the 3-Polker coins issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. A major financial crisis took place at that time due to the 30-year War, which started in 1619. There are two theories among historians concerning the silver depreciation of these coins. The most common theory (generally accepted without proof) is that the later years of issue are depreciated below 60% Ag. The second theory is based on the medieval sources that indicate inflation during the years from 1621–1625, but the medieval source only refers to the inflation of the type of coins and does not mention the issuer. Therefore, in this study, we use modern investigation techniques and materials science methods to help historians elucidate the aforementioned aspects regarding the medieval period. The XRD investigation results are in good agreement with the SEM-EDX elemental analysis. The coins from 1619 and 1620 have high silver content, namely, 86.97% and 92.49%, which corresponds to good silver. The amount of Ag found in the coins from 1621–1625 issituated in the range of 63.2–74.6%. The silver titleis suddenly restored in 1626 at about 84.3% and is kept in a good range until the end of this decree under Sigismund III in 1627. In conclusion, the second theory was partly validated by our experimental results, certifying the currency depreciation during 1621–1625, but the silver title was not lower than 54.2%. Notably, even this depreciated silver title assures a good quality of the 3-Polker coins compared to similar coins issued in other countries that were copper–silver-plated. Therefore, the 3-Polker coins were preferably hoarded at that time.Small alterations in the mint mark’s design were observed in all the depreciated coins compared to the good ones. This might be a sign for an expert to identify the depreciated coins, a fact which requires supplementary investigations. The silver title’s restoration in 1626 also came with a complete change of the mintmark.

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Metal Content and Structure of Textiles in Textile Metal Threads in Croatia from 17th to 20th Century

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress

Multi-Analytical Techniques for the Study of Burial Clothes of Polish King Sigismund III Vasa (1566–1633) and His Wife Constance Habsburg (1588–1631)

Silver Depreciation in 3-Polker Coins Issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa King of Poland

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