“…[45] It is recommended that the involvement of radicals in metal-catalyzed polymerizations should always be tested using the above criteria, since even a small change in the monomer, ligand, temperature, or solvent may favor other reactions. For example, Cu(PF 6 )/4 CH 3 CN generates cationic polymerization of styrene, [46] analogously the CuBr/2 Bpy complex also yields a cationic polymerization of p-methoxystyrene, [47] whereas it generates carbanions from diethyl 2-bromomalonate. [32] Recent developments in ATRP: There are three directions in the current development of ATRP.…”