Metal-clad waveguide characterization for contact-based light transmission into tissue

Chininis, Jeffrey A.; Whiteside, Paul J. D.; Hunt, Heather K.

doi:10.1117/12.2211119

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moreover, each sample is analysed using laser beam reflection process among many analysis methods [22,23]. Some materials may have a good reflection rate than others.…”

Section: Fig 3 Realizations Of Fabricated Thin Film Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Transparent and Flexible Thin Film from Hybrid Alloy using Deposition by Evaporation Technique

Mrij¹,

Bakkali²,

Foshi³

2019

JTFR

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This work presents the fabrication process of an intelligent thin film from a hybrid compound to realize transparency and flexibility characteristics. Various delicate operations are encountered during preparation of the film such as exposition to radiations and baking in vacuum oven for many times. The built film with specifics materials improves the performances. The phase quality depends on the type of additives materials during preparation. The band gap of the film is controlled to permit reliability of the fabricated film and endurement of temperature variations. The fabricated thin film can be an alternative and crucial solution for many smart devices that are influenced by blazing and glazing limits. This work also parallelly represent the characteristics such as electrical impedance in function of temperature and optical reflection coefficient.

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“…Moreover, each sample is analysed using laser beam reflection process among many analysis methods [22,23]. Some materials may have a good reflection rate than others.…”

Section: Fig 3 Realizations Of Fabricated Thin Film Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Transparent and Flexible Thin Film from Hybrid Alloy using Deposition by Evaporation Technique

Mrij¹,

Bakkali²,

Foshi³

2019

JTFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been demonstrated that regulating the thickness of the metal film along the waveguide and within the active area affords control over the location and intensity of energy transmission into the tissue [9]. Consequently, for this example, the accurate characterization of the metal film's thickness is of paramount importance in appropriately exerting control over the beam propagation, both for maintaining confinement within the waveguide and for transmitting the light into the external medium.…”

Section: Importance Of Film Thickness In Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, more accurate methods of retrieving the thickness and refractive index values from the relationship in Equation (9) have been developed to computationally fit the data to an appropriate model, as shown in Figure 7 [58]. Often, the model selection comes down to the preference of the user, although it is typically advisable to take the "simpler, better" approach, unless there is reason to involve additional variables [59].…”

Section: Ellipsometry: Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chininis et al utilized an SEM equipped with a Bruker Quantax 200 Silicon Drift Detector with Xflash6 to interrogate samples of titanium and silver deposited on silicon glass substrates in order to determine the respective deposition rates of the two metals in a cold sputter vacuum deposition system [9]. The X-ray energy spectrum recorded for each sample was utilized to compare the peak amplitude of the silicon peak to that of the element being analyzed, as shown in Figure 14.…”

Section: E-beam Techniques: Sem-eds Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of photonics applications employing pure metal and metal-containing thin films, the majority of whose most important characteristics are either directly dependent on or can be indirectly related to the film's thickness. Regarding the example of a metal-coated optical waveguide, the metal thin film serves as a cladding layer to restrict the laser light within the bounds of the substrate; however, upon contact with the tissue, depending on the thickness of the metal film, the light may transmit out of the waveguide [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques and Challenges for Characterizing Metal Thin Films with Applications in Photonics

2016

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Abstract:The proliferation of laser technologies has profoundly increased the demand for high-quality optical thin films whose physical properties are tunable and well defined. Such films are frequently deposited in thicknesses much shorter than the wavelengths of visible light and consequently present challenges for characterization by traditional microscopy. Metal films in particular exemplify these challenges, due to their broad range of refractive indices, optical absorption and often near-complete reflectivity in the visible spectrum. However, due to their relatively consistent crystalline structure, the bulk optical properties of metal thin films are chiefly dependent on their thickness. This review therefore presents a compendium of viable alternative characterization techniques to highlight their respective utilities, limitations and resolutions, specifically with regard to the characterization of the thickness of metal films. Furthermore, this review explicitly addresses the operating theories, methods and analyses relating to the five most predominantly utilized techniques: X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). This work is intended as an introductory guide to thin film characterization modalities and their applicability for metal and optically-absorptive films, while also identifying AFM and SEM/EDS as being amongst the more reliable of the techniques.

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Ultrasonic modulation of tissue optical properties in ex vivo porcine skin to improve transmitted transdermal laser intensity

et al. 2017

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Metal-clad waveguide characterization for contact-based light transmission into tissue

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Development of Transparent and Flexible Thin Film from Hybrid Alloy using Deposition by Evaporation Technique

Development of Transparent and Flexible Thin Film from Hybrid Alloy using Deposition by Evaporation Technique

Techniques and Challenges for Characterizing Metal Thin Films with Applications in Photonics

Ultrasonic modulation of tissue optical properties in ex vivo porcine skin to improve transmitted transdermal laser intensity

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