Metal Catalysts Intercalated in Smectite Clays

High hydrogen release by cryo-adsorption and compression on porous materials

“…Then, the catalyst and the external crosslinker are added (Figure 8b). Lewis acids or protonic acids, such as: AlCl 3 , SnCl 4 , ZnCl 2 , TiCl 4 and FeCl 3 , are used as catalyst for the alkylation process [82,89,94]. It should be emphasized that the appropriate catalyst to be used must match the solvent, especially in terms of steric hindrance and solubility, in order to improve the degree of crosslinking of the HCP produced.…”

Functionalized Clays for Radionuclide Sequestration: A Review

“…71,87−89 Functionalization by intercalation is achieved by the dispersion of clay in a solution containing guest ions in concentrations exceeding the cation exchange capacity of the target clay. 89,90 The physicochemical properties altered by metal intercalation are dependent on the type of moiety used for the functionalization. For instance, while some functionalized material demonstrates an increase in surface area (Febentonite), others demonstrate a decrease in surface area (NiO-grafted akadama clay).…”

“…Inorganic intercalation (Figure ), as cations or nanoparticles, results in the insertion of metals into clay structure, usually by cation exchange with the hydrated interlayer cations. ,− Functionalization by intercalation is achieved by the dispersion of clay in a solution containing guest ions in concentrations exceeding the cation exchange capacity of the target clay. , The physicochemical properties altered by metal intercalation are dependent on the type of moiety used for the functionalization. For instance, while some functionalized material demonstrates an increase in surface area (Fe-bentonite), others demonstrate a decrease in surface area (NiO-grafted akadama clay). , The NiO-grafted clay exhibited a decreased SSA from 170 to 64 m 2 /g after functionalization, which is explained by the occupation of macropores by the NiO .…”

Ruthenium Nanoparticles Intercalated in Montmorillonite (nano-Ru@MMT) Is Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of 2-Furaldehyde in Benign Aqueous Medium

“…Montmorillonite is dioctahedral smectite with an ideal unit cell formula of Na0.4(Al1.6Mg0.4)Si4O10(OH)2. It's 2:1 phyllosilicate, in which an octahedral sheet of alumina is sandwiched between two tetrahedral silicate layers [21]. Interlaminar space usually contains exchangeable sodium cations (see Figure 1).…”

“…Nanoparticles with controllable chemical and physical properties can conveniently be obtained by employing suitable organometallic precursors [24]. We have previously shown that the selectivity during catalytic hydrogenation reactions can be conveniently controlled with nano ruthenium, which was obtained from arene ruthenium complexes devoid of interfering chloride ions [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In this work, dicationic aqua complex [Me(C6H4)Pr i )Ru(H2O)3] 2+ was used as a precursor to avoid the presence of contaminants on the surface of nanoparticles.…”