Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Their Relevant Consequences on Cytotoxicity Cascade and Induced Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Emerging nanoscience allows us to take advantage of the improved evolutionary components and apply today’s advanced characterization and fabrication techniques to solve environmental and biological problems. Despite the promise that nanotechnology will improve our lives, the potential risks of technology remain largely uncertain. The lack of information on bio-impacts and the absence of consistent standards are the limitations of using metal-based nanoparticles (mNPs) for existing applications. To analyze the role played by the mNPs physicochemical characteristics and tactics to protect live beings, the field of nanotoxicology nowadays is focused on collecting and analyzing data from in vitro and in vivo investigations. The degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress caused by material nanoparticles (NPs) depends on many factors, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. These characteristics enable NPs to enter cells and interact with biological macromolecules and cell organelles, resulting in oxidative damage, an inflammatory response, the development of mitochondrial dysfunction, damage to genetic material, or cytotoxic effects. This report explored the mechanisms and cellular signaling cascades of mNPs-induced oxidative stress and the relevant health consequences.

Evaluating the hepatotoxic versus the nephrotoxic role of iron oxide nanoparticles: One step forward into the dose-dependent oxidative effects

“…As a main excretory organ, the kidney is predisposed to several forms of direct/indirect injuries secondary to nanoparticle exposure [ 17 ]. In the present work, histological examination of the renal cortex after prolonged administration of IONPs for 28 days has revealed various histopathological and haemodynamic changes Fig.…”

“…This decrease, however, was only statistically-significant in the high dose group. The oxidative stress induced by IONPs (evidenced by decreased GPx and SOD activity along with increased MDA level) could be introduced as a postulated mechanism explaining the kidney function impairment and the renal tubular damage [ 17 ] owing to the role of IONPs in increasing the ROS level and subsequent exhaustion of the most of the antioxidant enzymes [ 27 ].…”

Tellurium and Nano-Tellurium: Medicine or Poison?

“…Nano-particles can become embedded in living tissue, such as the kidneys and liver. These NPs may act as surface catalysts for electron transfer and induce oxidative stress [ 122 ]. This has been confirmed for the application of nano-particles as a drug delivery system in biological systems [ 123 ].…”

Improving the Antimicrobial Potency of Berberine for Endodontic Canal Irrigation Using Polymeric Nanoparticles

“…Regarding the inorganic ones, metallic NPs such as silver, gold, iron, copper and zinc have received the most attention [ 44 ]. While these nanoparticles demonstrate the capacity to produce reactive oxygen species including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, inducing oxidative cellular damage to bacteria [ 45 ], their drawbacks lie in toxicity [ 46 ].…”