Metal-Based Compounds in Antiviral Therapy

Abate, Chiara; Carnamucio, Federica; Giuffrè, Ottavia; Foti, Claudia

doi:10.3390/biom12070933

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The recently solved 3D structures of SARS-CoV-2 M pro in complex with zinc ion [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] showed that the metal ion is bound to the catalytically relevant Cys145 and His 41 residues. Furthermore, a few recent works demonstrated that other metal ions or metal-based compounds, such as rhenium, gold and copper compounds, can be efficient inhibitors of viral proteases [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. For instance, Auranofin is a representative gold drug that was claimed to exhibit remarkable antiviral properties; notably, the efficacy of Auranofin and some related gold compounds against Papain-like protease was nicely documented by Ingo Ott et al [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold-Based Metal Drugs as Inhibitors of Coronavirus Proteins: The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Auranofin and Its Analogs

et al. 2022

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Gold compounds have a long tradition in medicine and offer many opportunities for new therapeutic applications. Herein, we evaluated the lead compound Auranofin and five related gold(I) complexes as possible inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), a validated drug target for the COVID-19 disease. The investigational panel of gold compounds included Auranofin; three halido analogues, i.e., Au(PEt3)Cl, Au(PEt3)Br, and Au(PEt3)I; and two gold carbene complexes, i.e., Au(NHC)Cl and [Au(NHC)2]PF6. Notably, all these gold compounds, with the only exception of [Au(NHC)2]PF6, turned out to be potent inhibitors of the catalytic activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: the measured Ki values were in the range 2.1–0.4 μM. The reactions of the various gold compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were subsequently investigated through electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) upon a careful optimization of the experimental conditions; the ESI MS spectra provided clear evidence for the formation of tight metallodrug-protein adducts and for the coordination of well defined gold-containing fragments to the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, again with the only exception of [Au(NHC)2]PF6, The metal-protein stoichiometry was unambiguously determined for the resulting species. The crystal structures of the metallodrug- Mpro adducts were solved in the case of Au(PEt3)Br and Au(NHC)Cl. These crystal structures show that gold coordination occurs at the level of catalytic Cys 145 in the case of Au(NHC)Cl and at the level of both Cys 145 and Cys 156 for Au(PEt3)Br. Tight coordination of gold atoms to functionally relevant cysteine residues is believed to represent the true molecular basis of strong enzyme inhibition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold-Based Metal Drugs as Inhibitors of Coronavirus Proteins: The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Auranofin and Its Analogs

et al. 2022

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“…In the last two years, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak resulted in more than 50 million official cases and countless deaths. Due to this, many researchers focused on searching for alternatives to diagnose and treat this virus and others, such as influenza A (H1N1 and H5N1), HIV, Chikungunya, Zika, and Hepatitis C and B [ 55 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Compounds From Toads’ Cutaneous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Ibarra-Vega

Salazar-Monge

Zatarain-Palacios

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera Atelopus, Bufo, Duttaphrynus, Melanophryniscus, Peltopryne, Phrynoidis, Rhaebo, and Rhinella, with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Coronavirus varieties, HIV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum, and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.

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“…Metallic nanoparticles have gained the interest of researchers due to their unique properties, including small size and high specific surface areas that can help interact with microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses (Birkett et al, 2022). Otherwise, nanoparticles can enhance cytokine production and induce a hormonal immune response and have the capacity for cell recruitment, biocompatibility, low toxicity, good biodistribution properties, and chemical inertness (Dykman, 2020;Behzadi et al, 2021;Abate et al, 2022). Several metals and metal oxide nanoparticles, including copper, silver, gold, zinc, and titanium, have been studied as antiviral agents.…”

Section: Metals As Virucidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-antivirals: A comprehensive review

Hussain

Abro

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Nanoparticles can be used as inhibitory agents against various microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, archaea, fungi, and a huge class of viruses. The mechanism of action includes inhibiting the function of the cell membrane/stopping the synthesis of the cell membrane, disturbing the transduction of energy, producing toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibiting or reducing RNA and DNA production. Various nanomaterials, including different metallic, silicon, and carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoarchitectures, have been successfully used against different viruses. Recent research strongly agrees that these nanoarchitecture-based virucidal materials (nano-antivirals) have shown activity in the solid state. Therefore, they are very useful in the development of several products, such as fabric and high-touch surfaces. This review thoroughly and critically identifies recently developed nano-antivirals and their products, nano-antiviral deposition methods on various substrates, and possible mechanisms of action. By considering the commercial viability of nano-antivirals, recommendations are made to develop scalable and sustainable nano-antiviral products with contact-killing properties.

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Metal-Based Compounds in Antiviral Therapy

Cited by 26 publications

References 75 publications

Gold-Based Metal Drugs as Inhibitors of Coronavirus Proteins: The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Auranofin and Its Analogs

Gold-Based Metal Drugs as Inhibitors of Coronavirus Proteins: The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Auranofin and Its Analogs

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Nano-antivirals: A comprehensive review

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