Metal-Assisted Organization of Shortened Carbon Nanotubes in Monolayer and Multilayer Forest Assemblies

Chattopadhyay, Debjit; Galeska, Izabela; Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios

doi:10.1021/ja0160243

Cited by 131 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[74,75] Laser polarization angle-dependent Raman intensity profiling is particularly suited to determine CNT orientation with respect to underlying substrates or nanotube-containing matrices. [76][77][78] Sem-SWNTs, when dispersed individually with the help of surfactants or other biomolecules, show weak photoluminescence resonant with their electronic transitions. [32,79] Photoluminescence excitation mapping, in conjunction with reconstruction of near-infrared absorption spectrum from the S E 11 transition, have recently enabled us to evaluate the semiconducting (n, m)-abundance in a narrow d t SWNT sample.…”

Section: Cnt Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of fabrication methodologies have been developed to afford such SWNT forest configurations using the carboxyl functionalities at the severed ends of nanotubes. [76,78,120,121] These assemblies are realized by the combination of strong substrate-nanotube interactions either by electrostatic SWNT-COO − /Fe 3+ interactions [78,122] or carbodiimide-assisted covalent coupling of amine-functionalized substrates with carboxyl-terminated nanotubes. [76,120,121] An important factor for SWNT forest stability is the lateral stabilization via hydrophobic interactions between nanotube walls, forming thick bundles with diameters from 30 to 200 nm.…”

Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbodiimide-based covalent linking of SWNTs to amine-functionalized substrates appears to decrease the SWNT forest coverage by one to two orders of magnitude as compared to the Fe 3+ -assisted electrostatic assembly. Both methodologies have provided significant advances for electrochemical biosensors through: i) Ease of fabrication using straightforward dipping and washing steps; [78] ii) Flexible patterning schemes; [122] iii) Availability of carboxy-functionality for convenient conjugation with a variety of biomolecules; [31,35,75,124] iv) Convenient SWNT length-fractionation to tune forest height and its resistivity; [123] v) Efficient vectorial electron transfer along the nanotube length with nearby cofactors of enzymes; [35,75] and vi) Excellent hydrodynamic stability at spinning speeds in excess of several thousand rpm. [35] On the other hand, the as-grown single-and multi-walled nanotubes, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), display much lower surface coverage (10 7 −10 9 tubes cm −2 ) and upon drying they may collapse.…”

Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

2007

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The unique electronic and optical properties of carbon nanotubes, in conjunction with their size and mechanically robust nature, make these nanomaterials crucial to the development of next-generation biosensing platforms. In this Review, we present recent innovations in carbon nanotube-assisted biosensing technologies, such as DNA-hybridization, protein-binding, antibody-antigen and aptamers. Following a brief introduction on the diameter-and chirality-derived electronic characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes, the discussion is focused on the two major schemes for electronic biodetection, namely biotransistor-and electrochemistry-based sensors. Key fabrication methodologies are contrasted in light of device operation and performance, along with strategies for amplifying the signal while minimizing nonspecific binding. This Review is concluded with a perspective on future optimization based on array integration as well as exercising a better control in nanotube structure and biomolecular integration.

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Section: Cnt Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

2007

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“…23,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] However, their widespread technological application is uncertain due to issues related to the long-term stability of alkanethiols on gold surfaces. Dynamic studies of alkanethiols on gold surfaces have revealed several serious disadvantages in the thiol-gold chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct attachment of well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube architectures to silicon (100) surfaces: a simple approach for device assembly

Shapter

Quinton

et al. 2007

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

115

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A new approach for the attachment of vertically-aligned shortened carbon nanotube architectures to a silicon (100) substrate by chemical anchoring directly to the surface has been demonstrated for the first time. The ordered assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was accomplished by hydroxylating the silicon surface followed by a condensation reaction with carboxylic acid functionalised SWCNTs. This new nanostructure has been characterised by X-ray photoelectron, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The assembly behaviour of SWCNTs onto the silicon surface shows a fast initial step producing isolated functionalised carbon nanotubes or nanotube bundles anchored to the silicon surface followed by a slower step where the adsorbed nanotubes grow into larger aggregates via van der Waals interactions between adsorbed and solvated nanotubes. The electrochemical and optical properties of the SWCNTs directly attached to silicon have also been investigated. These new nanostructures are excellent electrochemical electrodes. They also fluoresce in the wavelength range 650-800 nm. The successful attachment of the SWCNTs directly to silicon provides a simple, new avenue for fabrication and development of silicon-based nanoelectronic, nano-optoelectronic and sensing devices. Compared to existing techniques, this new approach has several advantages including low operating temperature, low cost and the possibility of further modification.

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“…The driving force for the assembly may be due to acid/base neutralization between iron hydroxides and the carboxylic acid groups of the SWNT. 19 Since carboxylic acids can be deprotonated by various metal oxides the SWNT assembly process may also be promoted by coulombic forces between the carboxylate anion headgroup and iron oxides coated on the substrate. This mechanism has been proposed for the assembly of carboxylic acid functionalised SWNT on zinc 20 and silver 21 oxide surfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediated amperometric immunosensing using single walled carbon nanotube forests

O'Connor

Kim

Killard

et al. 2004

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A prototype amperometric immunosensor was evaluated based on the adsorption of antibodies onto perpendicularly oriented assemblies of single wall carbon nanotubes called SWNT forests. The forests were selfassembled from oxidatively shortened SWNTs onto Nafion/iron oxide coated pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The nanotube forests were characterized using atomic force microscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Anti-biotin antibody strongly adsorbed to the SWNT forests. In the presence of a soluble mediator, the detection limit for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled biotin was 2.5 pmol ml 21 (2.5 nM). Unlabelled biotin was detected in a competitive approach with a detection limit of 16 nmol ml 21 (16 mM) and a relative standard deviation of 12%. The immunosensor showed low non-specific adsorption of biotin-HRP (approx. 0.1%) when blocked with bovine serum albumin. This immunosensing approach using high surface area, patternable, conductive SWNT assemblies may eventually prove useful for nano-biosensing arrays.

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Metal-Assisted Organization of Shortened Carbon Nanotubes in Monolayer and Multilayer Forest Assemblies

Cited by 131 publications

References 27 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

Direct attachment of well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube architectures to silicon (100) surfaces: a simple approach for device assembly

Mediated amperometric immunosensing using single walled carbon nanotube forests

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