Metal- and redox homeostasis in prostate cancer with vitamin D3 supplementation

Abstract

Vitamin D supplementation has a beneficial effect on cancerous patients, although it can influence the redox- and metal homeostasis. The aim of our investigation was to demonstrate the effect of vitamin D consumption on the redox- and metal homeostasis in prostate cancer, because of the recommended daily dose increased from 200 IU to 2000 IU in recent years in Hungary. Forty-three volunteers were involved in the study. The grouping was applied according to the clinical routine laboratory parameters (vitamin D) and the tumor markers (PSA, fPFA). Patients were divided into 5 groups: (A) patient control (N = 8), (B) patient control with vitamin D treatment (N = 9), (C) high-risk prostate cancer group (N = 6), (D) high-risk prostate cancer group with vitamin D treatment (N = 8) and (E) vitamin D treated cancerous group with androgen deprivation therapy (N = 11). The element concentrations were determined with ICP-OES. Among the redox parameters, free radical scavenging capacity and H-donating ability were determined with luminometry and spectrometry. Vitamin D treatment caused differences in the metal- and redox homeostasis in either patient control and cancerous groups. The concentration of Fe, Cr, and Pb significantly increased in the erythrocytes of prostate cancer patients. According to the higher scavenging capacity by vitamin D treatment, it seems that vitamin D helps to equilibrate the redox homeostasis that could affect the outcome of cancer positively. However, the tendency in the metal element status does not give a clear explanation of cancer's outcome, but the accumulation of Pb by vitamin D supplementation needs to be taken into more serious consideration in set terms of occupational diseases.

Supporting Evidence, Potential Adverse Effects, and known Drug Interactions of the Complementary Alternative Medicines which are Frequently used by Prostate Cancer Patients

“…Saw palmet- jects showing an improvement with no adverse effects reported [88]. It is noteworthy that vitamin D3 can influence metal homeostasis, and a recent study showed that consumption of high doses (2000 IU) can cause lead accumulation in PC patients [89].…”

Targeting Production of Reactive Oxygen Species as an Anticancer Strategy

“…However, Li deficiency enhanced by vitamin D 3 in patients with prostate cancer needs to be considered further. Therefore, vitamin D 3 appears to help balance redox homeostasis, which could positively affect prostate cancer outcome (118).…”

Exploration of Redox-Related Molecular Patterns and the Redox Score for Prostate Cancer

“…Currently, there are not enough indicators to diagnose PC at an early stage and to distinguish between those who need a prostatectomy and those who need tumor treatment. Even prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the most common marker for PC development and progression, can remain within normal ranges or have false negative results [ 13 ]. To this end, several researchers have sought to identify specific biomarkers in the redox system to determine the severity of prostate cancer.…”

“…To this end, several researchers have sought to identify specific biomarkers in the redox system to determine the severity of prostate cancer. For example, the Süle et al [ 13 ] study found that patients with early stage PC had significantly lower levels of cytokines and growth factors than controls. Blázovics et al [ 14 ] found that the results of binding formaldehyde, Zn-protoporphyrin, and free protoporphyrin in erythrocytes were significantly different in patients with metastatic, histologically negative, and histologically positive PC treated with taxane compared with healthy controls.…”