Metal and organic pollutants bioremediation by extremophile microorganisms

Performance of a Newly Isolated Salt-Tolerant Yeast Strain Sterigmatomyces halophilus SSA-1575 for Azo Dye Decolorization and Detoxification

“…It is approximated that 10,000 different dyes, with an estimated annual production of 280,000 tons, are commercially available worldwide; and azo dyes represent over 60% of the total dyes (Patel et al, 2017;Pattanaik et al, 2020). It is estimated that 20-50% of these dyes remain unfixed during the dyeing processes and ultimately end up in the dye effluents (Giovanella et al, 2020), leading to severe pollution of water supplies in the vicinity of dyeing industries (Neetha et al, 2019). Hence, many governments have established environmental laws and restrictions not only for aesthetic reasons but also due to the serious ecological risks and toxicity on aquatic flora, as well as the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of azo dye degradation products (Yang et al, 2018;Ali et al, 2019;Tkaczyk et al, 2020).…”

“…The biodegradation techniques to remove azo dyes from effluents present the following advantages: optimal dye disposal efficiency, high performance at low concentrations as well as being an environmental eco-friendly alternative, leading to the formation of non-toxic residues at low operating costs (Oturkar et al, 2011;Alegbeleye et al, 2017). Over the past decades, microbial degradation of azo dyes has been accomplished by bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, fungi, and algae (Enayatizamir et al, 2011;Agrawal et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2019;Giovanella et al, 2020). On the other hand, some extracellular microbial enzymes have been reported for efficient degradation of recalcitrant azo dyes, including laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP), and NADH-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase (Guo et al, 2019;Giovanella et al, 2020).…”

“…Over the past decades, microbial degradation of azo dyes has been accomplished by bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, fungi, and algae (Enayatizamir et al, 2011;Agrawal et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2019;Giovanella et al, 2020). On the other hand, some extracellular microbial enzymes have been reported for efficient degradation of recalcitrant azo dyes, including laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP), and NADH-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase (Guo et al, 2019;Giovanella et al, 2020). The LMEs that possess a remarkable capability to degrade lignin and ligninlike substances mainly include LiP, MnP, and Lac along with other supporting enzymes, such as aryl alcohol oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, oxalate decarboxylase and versatile peroxidase (Iqbal et al, 2011).…”

“…It has been reported that the presence of salt induces the high osmotic pressure, which challenges microorganisms in the processing of textile wastewater (Khalid et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2019). Halophilic and halotolerant (salt-tolerant) microorganisms have biological advantages and provide high treatment efficiency, especially for the high concentration of salty azo dye wastewater (Yu et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2019;Giovanella et al, 2020). Halophiles are a unique group of organisms that live in high saline environments.…”

Microbiology in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids

“…Bacteria thrive in temperatures low or high (À5 C to well over 100 C), classically divided into psychrophiles (<20 C), mesophiles (20-40 C), thermophiles (40-60 C), and extreme thermophiles (>60 C). Bacteria may withstand various concentrations of pollutants and salts and feel right at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH ranges (30).…”