Metal and metal-oxide nanozymes: bioenzymatic characteristics, catalytic mechanism, and eco-environmental applications

Abstract

This review highlights the available studies on the enzymatic characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of natural enzymes and artificial metal and metal-oxide nanozymes in the removal and transformation of phenolic contaminants.

Pt Nanoparticles with High Oxidase-Like Activity and Reusability for Detection of Ascorbic Acid

“…Pt nanomaterials (Pt NPs) have a variety of catalytic properties and are widely used in energy, medicine, chemical, and environmental fields [22,25]. As a kind of nanoenzyme, Pt nanoparticles have the advantages of high activity, great biocompatibility, and broad application prospects [26]. In addition, Pt NPs have been reported to have various enzyme-like activities like oxidase, peroxidase, SOD, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase [22,23].…”

Hydrolytic Nanozymes

“…Nanozymes are nanoscale systems endowed with the property of catalyzing a chemical reaction by interacting with the substrate they transform via a pre‐transformation complexation process . The reactions follow, hence, the same steps of an enzyme‐catalyzed transformation: the equilibrium towards the enzyme/substrate complex (ES) followed by its evolution into products with the final release of the enzyme.…”

Oxidase-Like Catalytic Performance of Nano-MnO2 and Its Potential Application for Metal Ions Detection in Water

“…In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the applications of artificial nanomaterials as nanozymes in mimicking the intrinsic catalytic function of natural enzymes due to their unique structural, electrical, and optical properties, as well as remarkable catalytic activities [1–3]. Compared with the natural enzymes, the artificial nanozymes exhibited higher robustness and stability under harsh conditions, lower production cost, simpler storage conditions, and more effective catalytic activity [4–6].…”

“…Compared with the natural enzymes, the artificial nanozymes exhibited higher robustness and stability under harsh conditions, lower production cost, simpler storage conditions, and more effective catalytic activity [4–6]. At present, nanozymes are primarily composed of artificial metal and metal oxide nanomaterials that can mimic the catalytic activities of natural peroxidases and/or oxidases [3, 7]. For instance, the intrinsic peroxidase-/oxidase-like activities of Au-Ag, CeO 2 , MnFe 2 O 4 , NiO, and V 2 O 5 nanoparticles have been used in various applications ranging from biosensing and immunoassay to environment monitoring [3, 7–10].…”

“…At present, nanozymes are primarily composed of artificial metal and metal oxide nanomaterials that can mimic the catalytic activities of natural peroxidases and/or oxidases [3, 7]. For instance, the intrinsic peroxidase-/oxidase-like activities of Au-Ag, CeO 2 , MnFe 2 O 4 , NiO, and V 2 O 5 nanoparticles have been used in various applications ranging from biosensing and immunoassay to environment monitoring [3, 7–10]. Liu et al reported the oxidase-mimicking activity of CeO 2 nanoparticles by fluoride capping, such nanozymes could detect micromolar levels of F − in water and toothpastes [11].…”