Metal and arsenic distribution in soil particle sizes relevant to soil ingestion by children

Ljung, Karin; Selinus, Olle; Otabbong, Erasmus; Berglund, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.05.005

Cited by 203 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…4,5 Inadvertent oral ingestion has been considered an important exposure route for soil As, especially ingestion through outdoor hand-to-mouth activities by children. 6 The estimation of As bioaccessibility (gastric and small intestinal phases) in contaminated soils through in vitro methods has been used for human health risk assessment. On the basis of previous studies, 7−9 simple, fast, and inexpensive in vitro methods can effectively estimate in vivo relative As bioavailability.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Method To Assess Soil Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Arsenic Speciation and Distribution

Yin

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Arsenic (As) speciation and distribution are two important factors in assessing human health risk from As-contaminated soil. In this study, we used the combination of physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) to determine soil As metabolism by human gut microbiota. The results showed that the percentage of soil arsenate [As(V)] transformation reached 22.1−38.2%, while that of arsenite [As(III)] attained 66.5−92.0%; 30.1−56.4% of As(V) transformed was attached to the soil solid phase. In comparison to sequential extraction results, almost all amorphous Fe/Al-oxide-bound As was liberated in the colon phase. An X-ray absorption nearedge structure (XANES) showed that the As(III) percentage in the soil solid phase reached 16.6−26.9% and reached 73.4% (soil 1) in the colon phase. Additionally, plenty of As(III) and different extents of methylation were also observed in colon extraction solution. As bioaccessibility in the colon phase was 1.8−2.8 times that in the small intestinal phase. Our results indicated that human gut microbiota increased As bioaccessibility, and large amounts of As(III) were adsorbed onto the soil solid phase as a result of microbial reduction. Determining As speciation and distribution in extraction solution and soil solid phases will allow for an accurate assessment of the risk to human health upon soil As exposure. ■ INTRODUCTIONArsenic (As) is a common toxic contaminant that is extensively distributed in the environment. 1 Human exposure to As in soils is a major public concern and is associated with serious risks to human health because As species are known carcinogens. 2,3 In most cases, human exposure to soil As occurs via inhalation, inadvertent oral ingestion, and dermal contact. 4,5 Inadvertent oral ingestion has been considered an important exposure route for soil As, especially ingestion through outdoor hand-to-mouth activities by children. 6 The estimation of As bioaccessibility (gastric and small intestinal phases) in contaminated soils through in vitro methods has been used for human health risk assessment. On the basis of previous studies, 7−9 simple, fast, and inexpensive in vitro methods can effectively estimate in vivo relative As bioavailability. Generally, bioaccessibility is defined as the fraction of As that is soluble in the gastrointestinal environment of humans and available for absorption, whereas bioavailability is determined by the fraction of As that is absorbed into the systemic circulation. 7,8 Currently, As bioaccessibility in the gastric and small intestinal phases may underestimate its harm to human health. 10 Studies have clearly illustrated that gut microbiota significantly affect As metabolism by, for example, reduction, methylation, and thiolation. 11 As metabolism in contaminated soil by human gut microbiota can affect As bioaccessibility and speciation. 10,12 Therefore, As biotransformation must be considered an essential part of the risk assessment of oral soil As exposure using i...

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Method To Assess Soil Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Arsenic Speciation and Distribution

Yin

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In urban and industrial areas, human exposure to enormous amounts of toxic metals, especially arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), causes serious health disorders, including disruption of the nervous and digestive systems (e.g., acne, allergies, anemia, anorexia, arthritis, sciatica, schizophrenia), the normal functioning of internal organs (e.g., lungs, kidneys, liver), damage to the circulatory system (e.g., asthma and chronic bronchitis) and the blood composition and many other unfavorable consequences [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Mapping of Toxic Metals in Qatari Soils Using Remote Sensing and Ancillary Data

Kheir

Adhikari

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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After decades of mining and industrialization in Qatar, it is important to estimate their impact on soil pollution with toxic metals. The study utilized 300 topsoil (0-30 cm) samples, multi-spectral images (Landsat 8), spectral indices and environmental variables to model and map the spatial distribution of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Qatari soils. The prediction model used condition-based rules generated in the Cubist tool. In terms of R 2 and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ), the models showed good predictive capabilities for all elements. Of all of the prediction results, Cu had the highest R 2 = 0.74, followed by As > Pb > Cr > Zn > Ni. This study found that all of the models only chose images from January and February as predictors, which indicates that images from these two months are important for soil toxic metals' monitoring in arid soils, due to the climate and the vegetation cover during this season. Topsoil maps of the six toxic metals were generated. The maps can be used to prioritize the choice of remediation measures and can be applied to other arid areas of similar environmental/socio-economic conditions and pollution causes.

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“…As >32 mg/kg) (DEFRA and EA 2004), analysis has shown that there is a 294 positive relationship between As content and fine particle size, which are the fractions that readily 295 adhere to the skin (Ljung et al 2006) and thus, can cross the dermis absorption barrier (Lim et al 296 2008). Within a golf course context, golfers can come in to dermal contact with the soil and golf turf 297 through two primary scenarios; frequent non-gloved hand to turf and ball contact on FA and NFA and 298 leg to grass/soil contact when the golfer is looking for a ball in the rough whilst wearing shorts.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Activities On the Golf Course 292mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of arsenic and risk assessment of activities on a golf course fertilised with arsenic-containing Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed

O'Neill

Sengupta

Phillips

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Publisher rights This is the author final version of an article published here: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714003362 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. The use of seaweed fertilisers in sports green maintenance has become a common practice 10 across the globe due to its image as an "eco-friendly" alternative to chemical fertilisers. The aim of 11 this study was to characterise the risk of human exposure to arsenic (As), via dermal absorption, from 12 golfing activities on a private golf course in the UK, where As contaminated seaweed fertiliser (~100 13 mg/kgd.wt.) is applied. This was fulfilled by, 1) determining As concentrations in shallow soils with 14 GIS geo-statistical analysis, 2) measuring As concentrations from an on-site borehole groundwater 15 well, and (3) developing a risk assessment calculation for golfing activities based on field and 16 questionnaire data. Total As concentrations in shallow soils were less than the UK threshold for 17 domestic soils, however, frequent and sustained dermal contact between site-users and surface soil 18 attributed to a maximum carcinogenic risk value of 2.75 x 10 -4 , which is in the upper limit of the 19 acceptable risk range. Arsenic concentrations in underlying groundwater exceeded the WHO's 20 permissible drinking water standard, demonstrating the risk of groundwater contamination following 21 the application of seaweed fertiliser to golf course soils. This is the first risk study on dermal As 22 absorption via application of a seaweed fertiliser. 23 Keywords 24Arsenic, seaweed fertiliser, golf course, soil, groundwater, risk characterisation. to be more toxic than organic forms because they are rapidly absorbed and retained by tissues in the 35 body (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2011). Up to 100 mg/kg dry weight (d.wt.) 36 of As has been observed in brown algae species (Castlehouse et al. 2003;Hansen et al. 2003). 37Traditionally, seaweed has been used by rural communities as a fertiliser and soil conditioner for 38 many centuries (Castlehouse et al. 2003; Andrewes et al. 2004). In the past few decades, the demand 39 for seaweed fertilisers in horticulture, garden maintenance, sports greens and as animal feed has 40 increased across the globe due to its image as an "eco-friendly" resource (Castlehouse et al. 2003). 41Arsenic is a known carcinogen (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1988) and has many 42 associated health effects. Acute exposure to As can cause vomiting, abdominal pain and associated 43 diarrhoea. Chronic exposure ranges from dermatological manifestations, such as skin lesions and 44 hyperkeratosis on the soles of feet and palms of hands, to cancer of the skin, lungs, kidneys and 45 bladder (Abernathy et al. 1999; Sm...

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Metal and arsenic distribution in soil particle sizes relevant to soil ingestion by children

Cited by 203 publications

References 25 publications

In Vitro Method To Assess Soil Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Arsenic Speciation and Distribution

In Vitro Method To Assess Soil Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Arsenic Speciation and Distribution

Digital Mapping of Toxic Metals in Qatari Soils Using Remote Sensing and Ancillary Data

Distribution of arsenic and risk assessment of activities on a golf course fertilised with arsenic-containing Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed

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