Metal‐Ammonia Solutions

Jolly, William L.

doi:10.1002/9780470166024.ch4

Cited by 43 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 128 publications

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“…However, because the reactions are heterogeneous, variabilities in the quality and area of the metal surface often render these processes unpredictable and facetious in nature, especially on routine laboratory scales. , Historically, reaction development in this field has relied on activating the metal by mechanically reducing the size of the metal particle and by adding chemical activators such as iodine to clean the metal surface. , In the 1970s, Rieke pioneered an elegant solution to these practical problems of efficiency and generality for several alkaline earth and transition metals such as magnesium, zinc, and copper by developing a method that allowed access to highly reactive metal powders via the reduction of metal salts with alkali metals (Figure C). , Beyond the obvious synthetic utility of preparing reactive metals freshly, Rieke’s method was practical and straightforward, making it an instant success among the chemistry community. Unfortunately, Li-metal bears the lowest reduction potential among the elements and therefore cannot be prepared using Rieke’s method. − As a departure from the current synthetic logic of mechanically pulverizing known Li-metal sources into reactive powders, we sought a new chemical approach which would allow for distinctive Li-metal sources to be practically prepared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Highly Reactive Lithium Metal Dendrites for the Synthesis of Organolithium Reagents

et al. 2022

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A long-standing problem in the area of organolithium chemistry has been the need for a highly reactive Li-metal source that mimics Li-powders but has the advantage of being freshly prepared from inexpensive and readily available Li-sources. Here, we report a simple and convenient activation method using liquid ammonia that furnishes a new Li-metal source in the form of crystalline Li-dendrites. The Li-dendrites were shown to have ca. 100 times greater surface area than conventional Li-sources created by prototypical mechanical activation methods. Concomitant with the surface area increase, the Li-dendrites were shown to exhibit significant rate enhancements over Li-powders, which are currently the industry standard for the preparation of organolithium compounds. These features were leveraged for the reproducible synthesis of organolithium reagents over a range of common laboratory scales.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Highly Reactive Lithium Metal Dendrites for the Synthesis of Organolithium Reagents

et al. 2022

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Lithium and Lithium Compounds

Kamienski

McDonald

Stark

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass‐ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, photographic processing, and in batteries. Evolving applications include use in fuel cells, electrooptical communications, and as a concrete additive. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed.

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Lithium and Lithium Compounds

Kamienski¹,

McDonald

Stark

et al. 2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Lithium, an element of unique physical and chemical properties, is useful in a wide range of applications as the metal, as the lithium ion in inorganic salts, and as the more covalent species in inorganic compounds. The largest uses of lithium compounds are in traditional areas such as the preparation of glass, glass‐ceramics, and enamels; in aluminum cell broth; in the preparation of lithium greases; and as polymerization initiators. Lithium compounds are also employed as psychopharmacological agents and in organic synthesis, catalysis, absorption, air conditioning, photographic processing, and in batteries. The use of organic lithium compounds as industrial catalysts and the consumption of various lithium compounds in batteries are the most rapidly expanding markets. The various lithium mineral and brine resources are reviewed along with the processes for lithium extraction and recovery. Manufacturing processes, properties, health and safety factors, and applications for lithium metal and lithium compounds are discussed.

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Metal‐Ammonia Solutions

Cited by 43 publications

References 128 publications

Preparation of Highly Reactive Lithium Metal Dendrites for the Synthesis of Organolithium Reagents

Preparation of Highly Reactive Lithium Metal Dendrites for the Synthesis of Organolithium Reagents

Lithium and Lithium Compounds

Lithium and Lithium Compounds

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