Metal accumulation in an artificially recharged gravel pit lake used for drinking water supply

Mollema, Pauline Nella; Stuyfzand, Pieter J.; Juhász-Holterman, M.H.A.; Diepenbeek, P. M. J. A. van; Antonellini, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.12.004

Cited by 24 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Table 6 shows analytical results for physico-chemical parameters of groundwater for selected representative samples in Tripoli. The high concentration of major ions such as Cl, Na, Ca, K, Mg, and a high EC indicate the presence of seawater in an aquifer [68,69].…”

Section: Major Hydrochemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Alfarrah

Walraevens

2018

Water

225

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Abstract:The exploitation of groundwater resources is of high importance and has become very crucial in the last decades, especially in coastal areas of arid and semi-arid regions. The coastal aquifers in these regions are particularly at risk due to intrusion of salty marine water. One example is the case of Tripoli city at the Mediterranean coast of Jifarah Plain, North West Libya. Libya has experienced progressive seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers since the 1930s because of its ever increasing water demand from underground water resources. Tripoli city is a typical area where the contamination of the aquifer in the form of saltwater intrusion is very developed. Sixty-four groundwater samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for certain parameters that indicate salinization and pollution of the aquifer. The results demonstrate high values of the parameters Electrical Conductivity, Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Cl − and SO 4 2− , which can be attributed to seawater intrusion, where Cl − is the major pollutant of the aquifer. The water types according to the Stuyfzand groundwater classification are mostly CaCl, NaCl and Ca/MgMix. These water types indicate that groundwater chemistry is changed by cation exchange reactions during the mixing process between freshwater and seawater. The intensive extraction of groundwater from the aquifer reduces freshwater outflow to the sea, creates drawdown cones and lowering of the water table to as much as 25 m below mean sea level. Irrigation with nitrogen fertilizers and domestic sewage and movement of contaminants in areas of high hydraulic gradients within the drawdown cones probably are responsible for the high NO 3 − concentration in the region.

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Section: Major Hydrochemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Alfarrah

Walraevens

2018

Water

225

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“…Since the construction of the Lateraal Canal in 1972, the water table subsided up to 2 m over a distance of 1 km from the north shore of DLV Lake and up to 6 km north of the lake the water table subsidence was measureable. More information about these (and other) gravel pit lakes can be found in [6,11].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AR of DLV Lake must have added large quantities of NO 3 because groundwater flowing into the lake contains very little NO 3 [11]. The number of outliers of NO 3 data is highest for the Meuse (20) and for DLV Lake (8) while they are zero for BP Lake (Table 3).…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably because aeration of DLV Lake water partly prevents algal growth that could eliminate more PO 4 from the water column. Previous studies on DLV Lake sediments showed that P in sediments is bound to Fe and Ca or present as organic P [11,28] but the risk for internal loading of DLV Lake with P is thought to be small because there is a large amount of dissolved Fe available that can bind P [28].…”

Section: Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another service of gravel pit lakes is the denitrification of groundwater flowing into the lakes via uptake of nutrients by algae or bacterial processes and the release of nitrogen (N2) [7][8][9][10]. Groundwater, however, may also bring dissolved (toxic) metals into the lakes that subsequently accumulate in the bottom sediments [11]. Variations in hydrochemistry of lakes and rivers include seasonal fluctuations that may be related to biological processes such as growth of phytoplankton during spring or biochemical process as mineralization of carbon and sulphide during times of intense precipitation or human activities such as fertilization of the agricultural lands in the spring time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Artificial Recharge on Hydrochemistry: A Comparison of Two Fluvial Gravel Pit Lakes with Different Post-Excavation Uses in The Netherlands

Mollema

Antonellini

Hubeek³

et al. 2016

Water

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Gravel pit lakes form when gravel deposits are excavated below the water table. We studied two fluvial gravel pit lakes called De Lange Vlieter (DLV Lake) and the Boschmolen Plas (BP Lake), in the Meuse River valley (The Netherlands). Water from the Meuse River is pumped only into the DLV Lake that is used for drinking water production. The mean values, the linear trends and seasonal patterns of time series data (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), of temperature, pH, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate were compared using one-way tests of variance and tests of differences. The effects of river water infiltration on DLV Lake are (1) a change in lake water temperature; (2) an increase in nitrate concentration (3) an increase in phosphate concentration and (4) a decrease in sulphate concentration. The effects of the air blowers in DLV Lake are (1) mixing of lake water; (2) decreasing pH in spring and summer (3) water oxygenation. Linear regression analysis shows an initially increasing nitrate concentration in DLV Lake that can be explained by the input of nitrate rich Meuse river water. Instead decreasing nitrate and phosphate concentrations in BP Lake and Meuse River reflect a diminished use of fertilizers. The gravel pit lake water temperature does not reflect climatic changes but the use of DLV Lake for artificial recharge has an impact on the seasonal and long-term trends in hydrochemistry. This poses a challenge to lake managers to find the right balance between reduction of eutrophication and accumulation of nutrients and sulphate.

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The influence of flow‐through saline gravel pit lakes on the hydrologic budget and hydrochemistry of a Mediterranean drainage basin

Mollema

Antonellini

Dinelli

et al. 2015

Limnology & Oceanography

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Flow-through brackish gravel pit lakes near the Adriatic Coast of Emilia Romagna (Italy) in the Mediterranean have a large influence on the hydrologic budget of the watershed. Strong evaporation in combination with intense drainage of the low lying basins enhances groundwater inflow into the lake. Precipitation falling on the lakes is mixed with brackish/saline lake water causing the loss of freshwater. The gravel pit lakes are characterized by a high salinity (TDS 5 4.6-12.3 g L 21 ) and high pH (8.5). Stable isotope data show that gravel pit lake water is fed by groundwater which is a mix of Apennine River water and (Holocene) Adriatic Seawater, subsequently enriched by evaporation. The slope of the local evaporation line is 5.4. Conservative tracer and water budget modeling shows that the final Cl concentration depends strongly on the ratio of evaporation to total inflow. Increasing drainage to compensate for sea level rise, subsidence or intense precipitation would enhance ground water flow into the lake and decrease Cl concentration while increasing evaporation would increase Cl concentration. Groundwater rich in dissolved trace elements flows into the gravel pit lakes that contains water with a higher pH and dissolved oxygen. Pit lake water remains enriched in some elements (e.g., Ba, Mo, Sb) and depleted in others (e.g., Fe, Ca, Zn, SO4) with respect to groundwater composition. The gravel pit lakes show limited eutrophication but the water quality should be monitored for trace elements (e.g., As) if they are to be used for recreational purposes.

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Metal accumulation in an artificially recharged gravel pit lake used for drinking water supply

Cited by 24 publications

References 64 publications

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

The Effect of Artificial Recharge on Hydrochemistry: A Comparison of Two Fluvial Gravel Pit Lakes with Different Post-Excavation Uses in The Netherlands

The influence of flow‐through saline gravel pit lakes on the hydrologic budget and hydrochemistry of a Mediterranean drainage basin

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