“…Hovgard et al [23] developed an optimization approach for reducing energy consumption in multi-robot systems by determining the best execution time and order of robot motions through motion parameter modification. To acquire the optimized path planning, several heuristic-based algorithms such as neural network (NN) [24], fuzzy logic (FL) [25], and nature-inspired algorithms, including GA [26], PSO [27], and ACO [28], as well as certain Artificial Potential Field Algorithm (APFA) [29,30] and some other hybrid models [31,32], are also applied. However, many of these studies do not take energy efficiency into account.…”