Metagenomic Insight into Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of High Clinical Concern in Urban and Rural Hospital Wastewater of Northern India Origin: a Major Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance

Talat, Absar; Blake, Kevin S; Dantas, Gautam; Khan, Asad U.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.04102-22

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Na Índia, observou-se a predominância de genes de resistência contra aminoglicosídeos, macrolídeos, carbapenêmicos, trimetoprim e sulfonamidas em todas as amostras de esgoto testadas. Além disso, identificaram o gene mcr-5.1 de resistência à colistina móvel pela primeira vez no esgoto de um hospital indiano, demonstrando que houve uma mudança no perfil de resistência em efluentes hospitalares após a pandemia (Talat et al, 2023). Na China, utilizando metagenômica e bioinformática para analisar a comunidade microbiana de um esgoto hospitalar, Sun e colaboradores, em 2023, identificaram cerca de 1568 genes de resistência, correspondendo a 29 tipos e subtipos de antibióticos.…”

Section: Comercialização De Antimicrobianos E a Amrunclassified

O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos durante a pandemia da COVID-19 como possível fator influenciador da resistência bacteriana em efluentes hospitalares no Brasil

Da Silva,

Abrantes,

Nogueira

2024

CLCS

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De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, as bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos serão responsáveis por cerca de dez milhões de mortes anuais até 2050. O uso indiscriminado destes fármacos, bem como seu despejo inadequado, são apontados como os principais desafios ambientais a ser enfrentado pela saúde pública mundial. O presente estudo exploratório teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da comercialização de azitromicina, ivermectina e cloroquina, durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, na detecção ambiental de bactérias resistentes no período pós-pandêmico utilizando dados secundários referentes à venda de medicamentos controlados industrializados em todo o país. Somente durante o período da pandemia, houve um aumento de 1,375 milhões de unidades de antibióticos comercializas e mais de 1.5 milhões de unidades de cloroquina foram vendidas no Brasil. Há uma tendência linear quanto ao aumento de isolados bacterianos resistentes, atribuida ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos e a comercialização do KIT COVID no Brasil. Embora o impacto para a saúde pública ainda não possa ser mensurado, o despejo destes fármacos e a ausência de tratamento adequado dos efluentes hospitalares podem ser prejudiciais à biota em diferentes níveis tróficos, além de causar distúrbios à saúde humana e animal, através da alteração da microbiota, pela infecção direta ou vetorada de microrganismos resistentes. Os dados apresentados apontam a necessidade de traçar novas estratégias para mitigar o impacto da AMR, bem como novos estudos para o monitoramento de microrganismos resistentes, antimicrobianos e seus resíduos em efluentes hospitalares.

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Section: Comercialização De Antimicrobianos E a Amrunclassified

O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos durante a pandemia da COVID-19 como possível fator influenciador da resistência bacteriana em efluentes hospitalares no Brasil

Da Silva,

Abrantes,

Nogueira

2024

CLCS

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“…Cockroaches are often exposed to unsanitary environments, which can cause the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Environmental pollution caused by wastewater discharge from hospitals and factories can become a hotspot for the emergence of “superbug” bacteria, through the acquisition of various antibiotic resistance genes as a result of horizontal gene transfer (Dai et al 2023; Talat et al 2023). Moreover, antibiotic resistance is a global public health emergency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome of laboratory‐reared and environmentally collected cockroaches

Yun,

Choi,

et al. 2024

Entomological Research

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Cockroaches are insects found in almost all habitats, including unsanitary environments. Understanding their microbial communities is crucial for assessing the potential risks they pose as vectors of pathogens. In this study, we assessed the microbial communities of omnivorous cockroaches collected from external environments and those reared in a clean laboratory for extended periods (5–20 years). Using the iSeq 100 system, we examined the relative abundance of microbial communities at the phylum, family and genus levels. Our results revealed that the predominant taxa in these cockroaches were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Interestingly, the bacterial communities of samples from the same cockroach species, regardless of their living conditions, clustered together, indicating species‐specific similarities in microbiomes. The symbiont genus Blattabacterium was consistently present in all samples, delivering nutrients to the host. Pathogen detection at the genus level indicated a higher prevalence of potential pathogens in cockroaches collected from field environments, compared with those from laboratory‐reared cockroaches. These findings underscore the importance of cockroaches as pathogen reservoirs and vectors of opportunistic infections, emphasizing the need for further studies to identify specific microorganisms and confirm their pathogenicity. As cockroaches inhabit human environments, their potential to spread harmful bacteria through defecation warrants attention and underscores the significance of understanding their microbial ecology for public health implications.

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“…The study showed the presence of ARGs in all effluents and river water samples, demonstrating a complex method of acquiring ARGs in different bacterial communities. Recently, Talat and co-workers ( 31 ) provided a comprehensive overview of ARGs in hospital wastewater using metagenomics. The study uncovered many important clinical resistance gene classes, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, macrolide carbapenem, and sulfonamides, which were hosted by human pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Klebsiella pneumoniae , evinced the peril associated with ARG transmission in the environments ( 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-centric analyses of 165 metagenomes show that mobile genetic elements are crucial for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to pathogens in activated sludge and wastewater

Abdulkadir,

Saraiva,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Wastewater is considered a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), where the abundant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements facilitate horizontal gene transfer. However, the prevalence and extent of these phenomena in different taxonomic groups that inhabit wastewater are still not fully understood. Here, we determined the presence of ARGs in metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and evaluated the risks of MAG-carrying ARGs in potential human pathogens. The potential of these ARGs to be transmitted horizontally or vertically was also determined. A total of 5,916 MAGs (completeness >50%, contamination <10%) were recovered, covering 68 phyla and 279 genera. MAGs were dereplicated into 1,204 genome operational taxonomic units (gOTUs) as a proxy for species ( average nucleotide identity >0.95). The dominant ARG classes detected were bacitracin, multi-drug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside, and 10.26% of them were located on plasmids. The main hosts of ARGs belonged to Escherichia , Klebsiella , Acinetobacter , Gresbergeria , Mycobacterium , and Thauera . Our data showed that 253 MAGs carried virulence factor genes (VFGs) divided into 44 gOTUs, of which 45 MAGs were carriers of ARGs, indicating that potential human pathogens carried ARGs. Alarmingly, the MAG assigned as Escherichia coli contained 159 VFGs, of which 95 were located on chromosomes and 10 on plasmids. In addition to shedding light on the prevalence of ARGs in individual genomes recovered from activated sludge and wastewater, our study demonstrates a workflow that can identify antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in complex microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the health of humans, animals, and natural ecosystems. In our study, an analysis of 165 metagenomes from wastewater revealed antibiotic-targeted alteration, efflux, and inactivation as the most prevalent AMR mechanisms. We identified several genera correlated with multiple ARGs, including Klebsiella , Escherichia , Acinetobacter , Nitrospira , Ottowia , Pseudomonas , and Thauera , which could have significant implications for AMR transmission. The abundance of bacA , mexL , and aph(3")-I in the genomes calls for their urgent management in wastewater. Our approach could be applied to different ecosystems to assess the risk of potential pathogens containing ARGs. Our findings highlight the importance of managing AMR in wastewater and can help design measures to reduce the transmission and evolution of AMR in these systems.

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Metagenomic Insight into Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of High Clinical Concern in Urban and Rural Hospital Wastewater of Northern India Origin: a Major Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance

Cited by 24 publications

References 87 publications

O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos durante a pandemia da COVID-19 como possível fator influenciador da resistência bacteriana em efluentes hospitalares no Brasil

O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos durante a pandemia da COVID-19 como possível fator influenciador da resistência bacteriana em efluentes hospitalares no Brasil

Microbiome of laboratory‐reared and environmentally collected cockroaches

Genome-centric analyses of 165 metagenomes show that mobile genetic elements are crucial for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to pathogens in activated sludge and wastewater

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