Metagenomic analysis of the impact of nitrofurantoin treatment on the human faecal microbiota

Abstract

No significant impact was observed other than a temporary increase in the beneficial Bifidobacterium genus following nitrofurantoin treatment, which supports its reintroduction into clinical use.

Genomic Insights Into Nitrofurantoin Resistance Mechanisms and Epidemiology in Clinical Enterobacteriaceae

“…Moreover, it underscores the need to undertake periodic surveillance of hospitals and invasive medical devices, as well as moderate the use of invasive procedures to prevent reinfection of patients [ 41 ]. Such surveillance should not involve the use of rectal swabs as the low-level concentrations of NFT in the rectum have been cited as a reason for the higher NFT-R recorded among intestinal bacteria [ 44 , 45 ].…”

“…The species-specific and clonal-specific nature of the mutations suggest that the Enterobacter spp. were either exposed to different environments (aerobic or anaerobic) with varying NFT selection pressures or mutated according to clonal/species serendipities [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Antibiotics as deep modulators of gut microbiota: between good and evil

“…Some antibiotics were, indeed, demonstrated to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. Nitrofurantoin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, provided a temporary increase in Actinobacteria, and mainly in Bifidobacteria , when administered to 61 patients for uncomplicated urinary tract infections 32. In another small sample of outpatients with urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin treatment increased also Fecalibacterium genus 33…”

Gut microbiota-host interactions and juvenile idiopathic arthritis

“… Jernberg 2007 [ 27 ] One course of clindamycin x 7 days 4 adults 4 adults Feces T-RFLP and rep-PCR on Bacteroides 2 years Decreased number of bacteroides clonal types in exposed subjects Lode 2001 b [ 76 ] Linezolid x 7 days 12 adults None Feces Culture and identification 35 days No lasting effect Lode 2001 b [ 76 ] Amoxicillin / clav x 7 days 12 adults None Feces Culture and identification 35 days No lasting effect Mangin 2012 [ 77 ] Amoxicillin / clav x 5 days 18 adult men None Feces qPCR for Bifidobacterium and PCR-TTGE 64 days No difference in total bifidobacteria; however, similarity to baseline dropped to 50 % rapidly and never reached 60 %. Savino 2011 [ 78 ] Ceftriaxone x 5 days 26 full-term breast-fed infants None Feces Culture 20 days No changes noted in counts of enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, lactobacilli, or total bacteria Vervoort 2015 c [ 79 ] Nitrofurantoin x 3 – 15 days Five or eight subjects Four or five subjects Feces Sequencing of 16S rDNA 28 days Only transient differences in the frequency of the phyla. a The duration of treatment was not specified.…”